篇一：MLA 格式论文范文
MLA 格式论文范文
MLA论文格式（一）
1 MLA 文献引用格式的基本描述：文学类论文通常使用MLA（Mden Lnguge Assiin）格式。作者在正文中用括号夹注的形式注明参考文献的简要出处，即（作者姓氏+页码）。
Anien ies ibued he invenin f he nhd Pyhgs, h lived in he sixh enuy BC (Muse 19)
而在论文末尾的参考文献部分（按作者姓氏的字母顺序排列），则可根据作者姓氏很容易的找出该引用文献的详细信息。包括作者信息，书名信息，和出版信息（出版地：出版社，出版年）三个部分。三个部分之间用“”分开。
Muse, Sibyl A Suvey f Musil Insuens Ne Yk: Hpe, 195
引语（Quins）的格式— 用方括号（sque bkes“[ ]”）和省略号（ellipses“?”）标明更动原文的地方。
— 短于三行的一句或者短于一句的引语应该写入正文，并且用双引号标明。 — 双引号表示直接引语，单引号只用来标注引语中的引语。 — 引语不得使用斜体或粗体来表示（书名除外）。 在任何情况下（即使引语仅仅只有一个单词）：
— 句末、小句末的句号和逗号都必须放在引号之内（无论单引号还是双引号），
— 冒号（“:”）和分号（“;”）都必须放在引号之外， — 引文是疑问句则问号应放在引号之内，否则问号（“?”）应放在引号之外。 — 三行或以上的引语作为独立的引语段（blk quin）。 — 引语段可以用单倍行距，但其首行和末行应与正文空15行。 — 引语段左右两边均应较正文缩进5格或1个制表符（TAB）的距离。 — 如果引语段原为一自然段，则其首行应进一步缩进4至5格或1个制表符的距离。 — 引语段的段首和段尾不得使用引号。 — 引语段的字体必须与正文相同。 3．夹注（Penheil Ciin）的格式：
引文出处使用括号夹注的方法（一般不使用脚注或者尾注）。正文中，括号夹注（作者姓氏+页码）放在句末标点以内，但不得放在引文的引号以内。引语段（blk quin）的括号夹注不属于单句，因而不得将其放在句末的标点以内。直接引语都必须标明页码，以便读者查找。
31 引用整篇文献的观点引用整篇文献（即全书或全文）观点时一般不用标注页码，有两种情况，
— 一种是作者的姓氏在正文中没有出现，如：
Chle nd Eily Bne ee pl ppsies, n nly in hei pesnliies bu in hei sues f inspiin f iing (Tyl)
— 另一种情况是作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现，按MLA的规范不需要使用括号夹注，
如：
Tyl lis h Chle nd Eily Bne ee pl ppsies, n nly in hei pesnliies bu in hei sues f inspiin f iing
在英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作或者期刊，括号夹注中只需用汉语拼音标明作者的姓氏，不得使用汉字，如：
(Fng, 1)
3 引用文献中具体观点或文字引用文献中某一具体观点或文字时必须注明该观点或者该段文字出现的页码，没有页码是文献引用不规范的表现。若作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现，则不需要在括号夹注中重复。
Ading Muse, Anien ies ibued he invenin f he nhd Pyhgs, h lived in he sixh enuy BC (19)
31 引用多位作者写作的同一文献二至三位作者：
Ang ineninl spneiss, he “punlike ehesis f disinive feues y seve eld gehe ds eylgilly uneled bu lse in hei sund nd ening” (Jkbsn nd Wugh 34)
（如果有三位作者，在括号夹注中应用逗号分隔他们的姓氏，如：(Aln, Dvies, nd Rie 56)。）
The sudy s exended f yes, nd nly fe esuls ee evieed by n independen pnel did he esehes publish hei findings (Bline e l 35)
3 引用同样姓氏的不同作者假若两个或两个以上的作者有同样的姓氏，则括号夹注中应同时使用他们名字的首字母，如：
Alhugh se edil ehiiss li h lning ill led designe hilden (R Mille 1), hes ne h he dvnges f edil eseh ueigh his nsidein (A Mille 46)
引用中文著作或期刊时同姓作者的情况较多，应在括号夹注中使用他们名字的首字母加以区分，如：
(SR Wng 6) (JX Wng 3)
3 3 引用团体作者（pe uh）引用团体作者的作品，括号夹注中应使用团体的名称，如：
I s ppen h he Aein helh e syse needed “ be fixed nd pehps dilly dified” (Publi Agend Fundin 4)
34 引用无作者文献引用无作者文献，如果文献标题没有出现在正文里，则括号夹注中应使用该标题或者（如果标题过长的话）使用该标题中的关键词组，如：
An nnyus Wdsh ii ne gued h his pes ee einl (“Wdsh Is A Lse” 1)
在使用关键词组时应该选择标题开始部分的词组。
无论是MLA还是APA的规范，独立出版物的标题或者标题中的关键词组用斜体标出，出版物内含的作品的名称以及未出版的作品（讲演、论文等）的标题或者标题中的关键词组则用引号标出。
35 引用书信、谈话中的观点或文字书信和谈话（含电子邮件、访谈、电话等）无法在正文后面的参考文献中列出，但应该在正文中使用括号夹注的方法注明出处。例如：
Jesse Me (elephne nvesin, My 1, 1989) died he need f n in-deph nlysis f he heness expessed in he k
36 引用同一作者的多篇文献按MLA规范，引用同一作者的多篇文献时，在括号夹注中应加入文献标题中的关键词组，如：
Lighen hs gued h pues e n useful ls f sll hilden (“T Sn” 38), hugh he hs knledged h ely expsue pue ges des led bee sll skill develpen (“Hnd-Eye Develpen” 1)
或者
Cpues e n useful ls f sll hilden (Lighen, “T Sn” 38), hugh he hs knledged h ely expsue pue ges des led bee sll skill develpen (Lighen, “Hnd-Eye Develpen” 1)
或者
Lighen hs gued h pues e n useful ls f sll hilden, hugh he hs knledged h ely expsue pue ges
des led bee sll skill develpen (“T Sn” 38 nd “Hnd-Eye Develpen” 1)
3 同时引用不同作者的多篇文献括号夹注可以包括不同作者的多篇文献，文献按作者姓氏的字母顺序排列（注意分号的使用），如：
The dnges f unin lins huns hve been ell duened (Ryhnvsky 4; Seidensike 114; Willis 3)
在MLA的规范中，如果不同作者的多篇文献过于冗长，则不用括号夹注，而使用脚注（见4）。
38 引用非直接文献（indie sue）论文应尽可能避免使用非直接文献（即二级文献sendy sue），但在无法找到直接文献（即一级文献piy sue）的情况下，引文可以从非直接文献中析出，例如：
Suel Jhnsn died h Edund Buke s n “exdiny n” (qd in Bsell : 45)
（注意：“qd in”中的字母“i”不得大写。）
引用非直接文献以后，在正文后参考文献著录中只需列入该非直接文献的条目（即上述实例中的“Bsell”和“Muzynski & Degeln, 1996”）。
39 引用文学作品和经典文献按MLA的规范，有几种情况括号夹注内不标页码。
在引用剧本时应标出引文的幕、场、行，如：
In his fus dvie plyes, Shkespee’s Hle defines he pupse f hee, “hse end, bh he fis nd n, s nd is, hld, s ‘ee, he i up nue” (31-3)
（也可用IIIii3，来表示第三幕的第二场的第3行）
这里的括号夹注表示引文来自剧本第三幕第二场的1至3行。（注意标点的使用。）
在引用诗歌时应标出引文的节、行，如：
When He’s Odysseus es he hll f Cie, he finds his en “ild / in he sf spell, fed n he dug f evil” (19-11)
这里的括号夹注表示引文来自诗歌第1节的9至11行。对不分节的诗第一次引用时应说明括号里标的是行数，使用“line”，以后的引用则不需再说明。例如：
第一次引用：(lines 5-8)
以后的引用：(1-13)
在引用有章节、分册的小说的时候，应标出引文所在的页码、册数、章节，如：
One f Kingslve’s ns, eenge Rhel, pushes he vbuly beynd is liis F exple, Rhel plins h being fed live in he Cng ih he issiny fily is “ shee pesy f jusie” beuse he hnes f finding byfiend e “dull nd vid” (11; bk , h 1)
例子里的括号夹注表示引文来自该书第二册第十章的第11页。（注意标点和缩略语的使用。）
在引用《圣经》、《可兰经》等经典文献的时候，应标出引文的篇、章、节，如：
Cnside he ds f Sln: “If yu eneies e hungy, give he fd e If hey e hisy, give he e dink” (Bible, Pv 51)
例子里的括号夹注表示引文来自旧约《圣经》的《箴言》篇第5章第1节。《圣经》各篇的缩写有标准的写法，因而使用时应该注意核对。
31 对引语文字的更改直接引语如出现在正文中间，使用引语的句子不得违反英语语法，不得出现“句中句”。为了使含直接引语的句子合乎语法，往往有必要对引语的文字作一定的更改。如果要删除引语中个别词句，可以用省略号（ellipses“?”）取代删除的词句。如果要加入或者更改个别单词或者词组，则可以将需要加入或者更改的单词或词组放在方括号（sque bkes“[ ]”）以内。例如：
删除词句：
He sed, “The ‘pleb effe,’ disppeed hen behvis ee sudied in his nne” (Sih 6), bu he did n lify hih behvis ee sudied
添加词组：
Sih (6) fund h “he pleb effe, hih hd been veified in pevius sudies, disppeed hen [his n nd hes’] behvis ee sudied in his nne”
— 无论删改还是添加字词均不得变更引语的原意。
— 注意：如果删除是在句内，应该空一格以后再加省略号。如果删除是在一句整句以后，则应在该整句最后的标点（句号、问号或惊叹号）不空格直接加省略号。省略号应该用三个句点。
311 引用网络和电子出版物引用网络文献和电子出版物时文中夹注的基本原则与引用其他文献时是基本一致的。
引用网络和电子文献观点时有两种情况:
篇二：MLA格式范文
Hua Su
Political Science 101, Section009
Professor Dighton M. Fiddner
24 March 2010
Brief Analysis of Cuban Missile Crisis
I think the people who have at least a little bit concern about the world issues should know the famous Cuban Missile Crisis. It has being discussed and studied over and over again by many scientists, scholars and experts since it happened. On October 15, 1962, United States reconnaissance discovered and had photos to prove that there were missile bases being built in Cuba. “One of the most startling of the thousands of photographs---some 30,000 feet of film in all---analyzed by the President and his advisers is this one of a fully operating medium-range missile base, manned by Russian technicians and able to shoot its missiles as far into the U.S. as Norfolk or Houston “(The Pictures That Spurred Us to Act)”. The next day, the president of United States was informed and organized a group of advisors, which is called Executive Committee of the National Security Council, short for EXCOMM, to discuss how to deal with this perilous event. In Cuba at that time, the government was led by communist Fidel Castro. He was afraid that the United States would attack Cuba again after the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion. So he agreed that Soviet Union, which was led by Nikita Khrushchev at that time, could put missiles in Cuba. Because Cuba and United States are so close to each other, the missiles in Cuba were
big threat to US. After several days of discussion, the government of Kennedy imposed a naval quarantine around Cuba and demanded that the Soviet Union removed the missiles from Cuba. After a series of negotiations between the United States, Soviet Union and Cuba, on October 28, 1962, the crisis eased after a no-invasion agreement was reached and the Soviet Union agreed to dismantle the missiles.
I think it will be best for me to explain this significant event using the interstate level of analysis and the theory of realism.
Interstate level of analysis contains several categories which influence the Cuban missile crisis obviously. Power is the most apparent influence. Just like Cuban, Soviet and United States all competed and threatened each other with their military power. And between Cuba and Soviet Union, they formed an alliance against United States. During the crisis, IGOs, summit meetings, each side’s diplomacy and the bargaining happening among their negotiations all had important influences which should not be forgotten.
Power is the ability to get someone to do what it would not otherwise have done (or not to do what it would have (转载自：www.xiaocaOfaNWen.com 小草 范 文 网:mla格式范例)done) (Goldstein et al.). United States at that time could not stand that there is a communist country located so close to it. So a CIA trained force tried to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro on April 17, 1961. But it turned out a failure. After the Bay of Pigs invasion, Cuba found out that only by increasing its own power can it prevent another United States’ invasion. And, improvement of its military power is the best way. At that time, the biggest and
strongest communist country was Soviet Union. It possessed nuclear weapons. That was also the time when the United States and the Soviet Union were the major participants of the Cold War. They competed with each other in the fields of politics, military, economy, etc. Cuba is located only several miles away from Florida. So, it would be a great threat to the United States by placing nuclear missiles on the island of Cuba and at the same time prevent the United States from starting another invasion of Cuba. Cuba agreed the nuclear missiles building is for the sake of its sovereignty, territory and organization of governing. As for the Soviet Union, the reason is its diplomatic recognition. They all did it for their own interests.
During the event, in order to prevent the Soviet Union from shipping more nuclear missiles devices to Cuba, the United States blocked the sea around the island of Cuba. But, the United States actually had no right to do the quarantine. United States’ quarantine against Cuba, in my opinion, was realism. Every nation has its right to possess its weapon for defense. It is against the international law, the United Nation’s Charter and the right of passage in international waters. The United States’ action had implied that there is no central organizing authority in the international politics. Every entity seeks its self-interests. The United States has reported that the nuclear missiles which were being placed in Cuba were seriously offensive (The Pictures That Spurred Us to Act). So in order to keep its national security under control, the United States chose to use quarantine. And this quarantine greatly related to the power of the United States. It had strong economic and military power so that this restrict quarantine can be forced.
The United Nations had noticed the possibility that the conflict between these two super powers could lead to a nuclear war which would be a huge disaster. So the United Nations was negotiating with these three nations trying to ease the tension. “The break in the crisis came on Sunday, October 28, when the Soviet Government finally agreed to dismantle its offensive weapons in Cuba and return them to the Soviet Union subject to United Nations’ verification” (GlobalSecurity.org).
When the United States, the Soviet Union and Cuba were negotiating with each other, there was a lot of bargaining going on between them. There were a lot of letters and communications being exchanged between Khrushchev and Kennedy:
On October 23 and 24, Khrushchev sent letters to Kennedy indicating
the deterrent nature of the missiles in Cuba and the peaceful intentions of
the Soviet Union. On October 26, Khrushchev sent Kennedy a long
rambling letter seemingly proposing that the missile installations would
be dismantled and personnel removed in exchange for United States
assurances that it or its proxies would not invade Cuba. On October 27,
another letter to Kennedy arrived from Khrushchev, suggesting that
missile installations in Cuba would be dismantled if the United States
dismantled its missile installations in Turkey (Cold War: Cuban Missile
Crisis).
However the United States did agree the Soviet Union to remove the Jupiter missiles in Turkey. Just at that time this agreement didn’t go public. At the same time, the United States agreed to sign an agreement that promised not to invade Cuba. So
we can tell from the information that the Soviet Union and the United States both were bargaining about their preferred outcomes. And the Soviet Union had achieved its two main goals. Asking the United States to remove the Jupiter missile in Turkey was for the sake of its national security; and forming an agreement which the United States would not invade Cuba was for its diplomatic recognition.
Because at that time, the world media did not report the news that the United States had already agreed to remove the Jupiter missile in Turkey and, which was very obvious that the Soviet Union had already removed its missile in Cuba. In public, it seemed that the Soviet Union lost and the United States won. However in reality, they both made concessions.
I basically used the theory of realism and the interstate level of analysis to explain my point of view toward this event. And I pointed out a couple of key influences of the Cuban missile crisis, like the theory of power, UN’s interference, bargaining, summit meeting etc. In my point of view, these are the major factors I should think of when it comes to analyze the Cuban missile crisis.
This Cuban missile crisis makes the world realize that how close we are to a nuclear war and how important the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons is for the people around the world. We cannot afford the price of starting WWIII. So the best way to avoid it is to know, learn and study the possible causes and try to predict the outcome of complicated international event.
篇三：论文写作,MLA格式详解
分享MLA
论文的
（MLA格式）
——大学生毕业论文写作格式MLA
学术论文文献的引用有三种形式：文内注释、注解（Notes）和参考文献（Bibliography）。正文中引用别人的论述、词汇、材料、观点或思想时，文内注释采用同论文末尾参考文献相关联的信息，用圆括号表示。正文中除了文内注释外，往往还需要注解；注解同文内注释不同，它主要是针对正文中需要说明的问题作注解，而不是针对正文中的引用作注解。参考文献（Bibliography）是指被论文参考和引用过的所有作品，位于正文末尾。如论文末尾有注解，参考文献则位于注解后。论文末尾的“注解”和“参考文献”可能同时存在。
凡是在参考文献中以书的形式出现的出版物品名称，无论是小说、诗歌、戏剧，还是小册子、报刊杂志、电影、光盘、盒式录音磁带、唱片、绘画、雕塑作品等，英文用斜体表示。中文名称则用书名号表示。对于“注解”和“参考文献”中提到的文章、论文、短篇小说、短诗、书中的章节，包括未公开出版的讲座、会议发言稿、手稿、学位论文等，都一律加引号表示。中文的也采用同样方法，避免同书名混淆。
一、论文的基本结构
不同学科、不同研究方向以及不同类型的学术论文在基本结构上存在差异，但本科毕业论文一般应有以下部分：Introduction，（Literature Review）and Discussions (与APA不一致), Conclusion 等等。当然，研究类型不同，中间部分章节内容也就不同。北京第二外国语学院教务处对各章布局作如下规定，Introduction、Chapter 1、Chapter 2…Conclusion。其中，Introduction和Conclusion前不加Chapter等字样。下面对这些章节的大致内容略作介绍。
Introduction
本章应该包括以下内容：本研究的背景、意义以及预期解决的问题。有时需要对重要概念或术语进行简单的定义。本章末尾一般对全篇论文的章节主要内容作简单介绍（An overview of the thesis）。本章要求简练，开门见山，一般为1-2页。
如果论文没有单独一章作文献综述，那么简单的文献综述可以放在这部分。文献综述的主要目的是向读者介绍与本研究有关系的现有研究（existing studies），重点介绍以下内容：（1）为何要做这一研究，论文要研究的问题前人已经做了哪些研究？采用了哪些研究方法？得出了哪些研究结论？（2）关于这个问题还有哪些问题没有解决？前人的研究存在哪些局限性？关于这个问题还有哪些争议或值得进一步研究的问题？
Chapter 1, Chapter 2…
论文主体部分对论文所要探讨的研究问题进行展开陈述。
Conclusion
本章名为结论，实际上应该包括以下几方面的内容：本研究的主要发现（Main findings）、本研
究的启示（Implications）、本研究的局限性（Limitations of the present study）以及需要进一步研究的问题（Further research suggestions）等等。
二、引用文献的格式要求
（一）文内注释及引文规则
1. 文内注释的内容与位置
文内注释内容为作者的姓、著作的页码。
正文中如果使用了带引号的材料，文内注释的位置应在引号之后：
“divine and supernatural light”(Samuel 88)
如果没有使用引号，圆括号的位置一般应靠近需要注明的材料或句末，标点符号一般在圆括号之外：
As formulated by Emerson, this became a call for action (56).
如果引文末的问号、感叹号和省略号是所引的一部分，即引文的一部分的话，则保留这些符号，后面再加圆括号的注释，后面再接句号：
Can we live more meaningfully by living simply? (42).
2. 文内注释的格式
(1) 如果句子中已经提供了作者的信息(为了读者阅读论文的方便, 我们建议作者在引用或借鉴某部作品时，能在文中确认作者)，圆括号中作者的姓氏就应省略，注明页码即可，反之则要加上作者的姓氏，中文则加姓名。从下面几个样例中，我们可以看到几种内容不同的注释表达方法：
Tannen has argued this point (178-85). 文中已有作者, 圆括号中只注页码。
This point has already been argued (Tannen 178-85). 文中没有确认作者, 圆括号中除了页码外还 需指明作者Tannen。
This point has already been argued（王宁23）.
(2) 两个或三个作者，要写出每一个作者的姓：（Perkins, Spooren and Noordman 16）
(3) 三个作者以上，可以写出每一个作者的姓，或者只写出第一个作者的姓，用“et al.”代替其余作者。 （Bia, Pedreno, Small, Finch, Patterson 161），或者（Bia et al. 161）。
无论选取了哪种形式，参考文献（Bibliography）部分也要采用相同的形式。
(4) 如果参考文献（Bibliography）部分包含两个或更多的作者姓氏相同的话，文内注释中要注明名字的首字母缩写：（A. DeCarrera 213）
如果名字的首字母缩写也一样的话，要写全名字：（Annette DeCarrera 213）
(5) 同一个作者的不同著作，要在作者的姓后面注明著作名称，再加页码：(Mead, Coming of Age 32) (Mead, Culture 55)
(6) 机构作者，用机构的全称或缩写形式：（Modern Language Association 115）或者(MLA 115)
(7) 匿名作者，用文章题目的几个单词：（“Recent Innovation” 231）
在这里要特别强调的是, 文内注释要能够在与之相关联的论文末尾的“参考文献”中找到。
Yet, against the earthy reality of the painted peasant shoes, the “superchicaestheticism” of Wilde, Warhol begins to pale and “a new kind of flatness or depthlessness, a new kind of superficiality in the most literal sense” (9) begins to impossibly shine through.
以下是与文内注释相对应的论文末尾的参考文献条目：
Warhol, Andy. The Philosophy of Andy Warhol. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1975.
3. 引用文学作品
小说的注释，除了页码外，最好还加上卷、章，页码后用分号。长诗的注释要分卷、行。戏剧的注释应标出引文的幕、场、行。
范例：
(Hardy 18; b. 1, ch. 6) (哈代18；第一部，第6章)
(《伊利亚特》第9卷第19行) 如果没理由确定作者，则用书名。
文学作品的引文如果超过4行，则需要上下各空一行另成一段，第一行不缩进，英文每一行 左边都缩进10个字符，中文空四格，不用引号，右边不缩进。
范例：
Nature is not simply the Not-Me but also the universal mind whose signs are visible for the individualto read, with eyes, heart and mind.
Every man?s condition is a solution in hieroglyphic to those inquiries he would put.
He acts it a life before he apprehends it as truth. In like manner，nature is already, in its forms and tendencies, describing its own design. Let us interrogate the great apparition that shines so
peacefully around us. (Emerson 34)
引用字号缩小一号，行距不变。
This part is followed by eight sections, each of which develops the general thesis of the book.
如果引文是论文的自然段的首起句，则英文第一行空2个字符，中文空两格。
范例：
“I become a transparent eye-ball. I am nothing. I see all. The currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am a particle of God.” (Emerson 23) That the individual soul can become the medium of the divine forces of Nature is at the heart of this book.
如果在正文里引用的诗歌为两行以上，除了引号外，每一行诗还须用左斜线分隔。
范例：
Dickinson once wrote in a poem: “This is my letter to the World / That never wrote to Me.” (34)
如果超过4行，则空行另起一段，并把所引诗歌中最长的一行居中作为基准，向左按原诗形式排列, 不用引号。
I celebrate myself,
And what I assume you shall assume,
For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.
I loaf and invite my soul,
I lean and loaf at my ease…observing a spear of summer grass. (Whitman 34)
如果是同正文分开的诗歌、小说或戏剧的引文，文内注释的位置应该在最后一个标点符号外并空一格，圆括号后面不再加句点或句号。
4. 引文附译文
译文则需使用圆括号，位置紧接原文之后。如引文另起一段，紧接原文后另为一段的译文则不加圆括号。
范例：
In 1915 Freud published Mourning and Melancholia (《哀悼与忧郁症》) and described it.
5. 重复引用
对于论文中需要多次提到的著作、论文、期刊杂志的名称，建议在文中使用简称(首次解释，以后略称)。无论英文还是中文，简化的原则主要有三：
（1）使用标准的缩写，如某些文学和宗教作品、期刊杂志的固定缩写，不得自行编造。《外国文学研究》杂志的英文缩写为FLS。
（2）如无固定缩写，英文使用除开冠词外的第一个单词或词组。中文在使用缩写时也以此为参照，如中文的引用著作中没有以“外国”开头的杂志，则可使用“外国”作为《外国文学》的缩写，如果有以“外国”开头的作品，则可使用容易辨析的简称。如以“外文研究”作为《外国文学研究》的缩写，以“外文评论”作为《外国文学评论》的缩写，“外文动态”作为《外国文学动态》的缩写。首次缩写需要解释。
（3）使用容易辨认的中心词。(吉鲍尔迪106; 305-334)
6. 转引
论文应该尽量引用原始资料，凡是引用文摘类作品或是别人引用的资料，都应该查找原始资料并做好注释。万一无法获得原始资料，也应注明qtd. in (quoted in)“转引自……”的字样。
范例：
In a May 1800 letter to Watt, Creighton wrote, “The excellent Satanism reflects immortal honour onthe Club” (qtd. in Hunt and Jacob 493).
转引也应当出现在“参考文献”中，形式应为：
范例：
Hunt, Lynn, and Margaret Jacob. “The Affective Revolution in 1790s Britain.”
Eighteenth-Century Studies 34.4 (2001): 491-521.