篇一：英语系毕业论文范文参考(2011版)
宁 德 师 范 学 院
毕 业 论 文
专 业应用英语
指导教师 王某某
学 生 张三思
学 号2005021142
题 目建构有中国特色的外语教
２０11年５月20日
论文题目
张三思
摘要：本文通过对我国外语教育发展及基础教育、高等教育改革(如大学英语教学、英语专业教学改革等)的讨论，阐明了建构具有中国特色的外语教育体系的重要性。同时针对理论研究、师资教育、人才培养等方面所存在的问题，尝试创设立足我国国情、为我国教育发展服务的外语教育体系。该体系以本土性、多元性、发展性为原则，涵盖外语教育研究、外语教师教育和外语人才培养等三个维面。
关键词：建构；中国特色；外语教育；体系
Abstract：This paper illustrates the importance of establishing the foreign language education system with Chinese characteristics through the discussion of the development and reform of foreign language education at different levels in China．Based upon the current situations，the paper also attempts to develop a foreign language education system to solve problems in theoretical research，teacher education and talents cultivation．
Key words：construction；Chinese characteristics；foreign language education；system
1．引言
随着21世纪知识经济的迅猛发展和我国改革开放的不断深化，对外语人才的需求量越来越大，对我国外语教育的要求也越来越高。在教育部领导下，我国实施了基础教育新课程改革、大学英语教学改革、英语专业本科教学评估等一系列措施，极大地推动了我国外语教育的发展。如英语专业本科和硕、博士点的增加；大学英语教材的修订或编写(如《大学体验英语》、《大学英语》(全新版)、《新视野大学英语》和《新时代交互英语》等)；英语专业教材的编写与修订完善(如外教社、外研社、高教社所出版的语言学、文学、听、说、读、写等教程)??
2．建构外语教育体系的必要性、目标与原则
2．1建构外语教育体系的必要性
虽然我们在基础教育改革、大学英语教学改革、外语／英语专业教育改革等方面取得一定成绩，但改革过程中所出现的课程设置、教材评估、师资培训、教学质量等方面的问题也要求我们立足我国国情，切实建构外语教育体系??
2．2外语教育体系的目标与建构原则
??
3．建构具有中国特色的外语教育体系
3．1外语教育体系的框架
??
3．2外语教育体系的三个维面
??
3．2．1外语教育研究体系
??
3．2．2外语教师教育体系
随着我国基础教育新课程改革和高等教育改革的发展，提升外语教师的整体素质，发展教师教育已经成为外语教育的关键问题。目前我国高校和中小学外语师资在学历、年龄、科
研成果等方面仍然存在一定问题。戴曼纯、张希春(2004)通过调查全国40所高校的外语师资情况，发现高校英语教师存在着工作负担较重、年龄结构不合理、男女比例失衡、无研究生教育背景者比例较大、科研实力有待提高等问题。“我国中学英语师资就其整体素质而言，也存在理论水平较低、教育观念相对滞后、教学模式比较固定、科研能力相对薄弱等问题”(王雪梅、康淑敏，2005 (6)：52)。而相关的外语教师培养大多以“知识”为中心，教学方法和教学素质的培养相对滞后。因此，有必要明确教师教育目标、完善教师教育体系、培养适应时代需求的外语教师??
4．结束语
目前我国外语教育在教育研究、师资教育、人才培养等方面都存在一定问题，而解决问题的主要途径就是立足我国国情，建构具有中国特色的外语教育体系。“鉴于此，笔者在分析我国外语教育教学以及教师教育现状的基础上，借鉴国外相关教育理论框架，尝试以本土性、多元性、发展性为原则，建构外语教育研究体系、教师教育体系和人才培养体系；主张进行有本土特点的外语教育研究，培养反思研究型教师以及具有学习能力、实践能力和创新能力的学术研究型、应用职业型等外语人才”(.cn)。当然本文只是初步探索，具体教学环境、教学方法、教学评估、教师教育模式等方面的研究尚需进一步深入，希望外语界同仁能够共同努力，关注外语教育研究，为切实发展我国的基础教育、高等教育和继续教育等尽一份绵薄之力。
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篇二：英语毕业论文参考文献格式范文
英语毕业论文参考文献格式范文
本文是参考文献写作指导，简单的介绍了英语毕业论文的一些参考文献格式范文。
文章类型：
英语毕业论文参考文献格式一
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英语毕业论文参考文献格式二
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英语毕业论文参考文献格式三
[1]刘毅玮 中小学生学习问题研究，高等教育出版社，2013
[2]Spielberger ，C. D.，Gorsuch ，R.L.& Lushene，R.E.1983.Manual for the
state-traitanxiety inventory. Palo Alto，California:Consulting Psychologists Press
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[6]Oxford RL.Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know〔M〕. NewYork: New bury House Publishers.1990.
[7]Horwitz E K- Preliminary evidence for reliability arid validity of a foreignlanguage anxiety scale [J]. TESOL Quarterly， 1986 20:559 — 564，
[8]Price， M. L. The subjective experience offoreign language anxiety:
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[9]Macintyre，P. D. & R. C. Gardner. The subtle effects of language anxiety oncognitive
篇三：英语论文格式范文
Idiom Translation under the Chinese
and English Cultures
Class XXX
Student’s Number XXX
Name XXX
(说明：关键词Key Words为加粗。冒号后加空格再接关键词，相邻词间用逗号分隔。每个关键词的首字母大写。
从“摘要”开始到“参考文献”结束，所有正文的字体均为Times New Roman，12磅；两端对齐。均采用1.5倍行距)
Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.1 The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.1.1 Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping,
2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)
For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼
An odd fish怪人
Miss the boat错过机会
Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进
A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)
On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)
2.1.2 History
………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………….
2.2 The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms
………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………….
2.2.1 Colours
………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………….
2.2.2 Numbers
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3. Methods of Idiom Translation
Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:
3.1 Literal Translation
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3.2 Free Translation
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3.3 Translation with Notes
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3.4 Replacement with Similar Idioms
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3.5 The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning
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3.6 A Combination of Literal and Free Translation
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4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation
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5. Conclusion
One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)
References
[*] 作者. 书名（英语的斜体）. （出版地：）出版社，年份：参考内容页码
[*] 作者. 文章名（英语的斜体）. 刊物名称. （出版地：）出版社，年份
[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2008
[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xi'an: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007
[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982