篇一：常见同义词辨析
1．summary, abstract, outline 区别
这些名词均含“摘要、概要、概括”之意。
summary : 普通用词，指将书籍或文章等的内容，用寥寥数语作简明扼要的说明。
abstract : 指论文、书籍等正文前的内容摘要，尤指学术论文或法律文件。 digest : 侧重对原文融汇贯通，重新谋篇布局，以简明扼要的语言，简短篇幅成文，展现原作精华。
outline : 指配以释议文字的提纲。
2． abolish, cancel, eliminate, extinguish 区别
这一组动词都有“取消，除掉”的意思。
abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。
The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。 cancel v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消；删去(字、句)。
The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。
eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。
The losing team was eliminated from further competition.失利的那个队被淘汰了，
The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。
dispose v.处理，处置；表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。)
After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后请清除掉垃圾。
extinguish v.熄灭，扑灭(火)；使沉默，使暗淡。
Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防队员扑灭了大火
3． Absurd，ridiculous，silly区别
absurd a.荒谬的，可笑的，指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。
例：There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless. 过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。
ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分。例：It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.
仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。 silly a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。 例：a silly little boy傻小子
4． Accommodate，afford，furnish 这一组动词都有“提供”的意思。 accommodate v.提供住宿、房间；适应，迎合，迁就。
This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家饭店可供500位来宾
The company accommodated the customer's wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司满足了顾客的愿望，连夜将货物发了出去。
afford v.负担，支付；当“提供”讲时，多用于指抽象事物的提供。
We can't afford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。 The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。
furnish v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。
Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我们的思想提供了各种知识，然而只有思考才能将我们读到的内容变成自己的东西。
5． acute, critical, crucial, urgent这一组形容词都有"严重的，重要的"意思。
acute a.剧烈的，严重的；急性的(病)。
An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。
critical a.意为"关键的"，表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点，与crucial相似。与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量；还指"批判性的，分析性的"。
It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.
为了考好你必须用功学习，则你会不及格的。
crucial a.意为"决定性的，紧要关头的，至关重要的"，最为笼统，适用于上述两种情况。
Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。
urgent a.意为"紧迫的，急迫的，紧要的"，它不强调所指的问题是最重要的，仅强调"紧急的"状态。
We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助，我们的水就快要用光了。
6． ambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dim 这一组形容词都有"模糊"的意思。
ambiguous a。意义含糊的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。
His ambiguous directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take。他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。
obscure a。用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。 The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references。艾兹拉·庞德的诗有时候难以理解，因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故。
He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific。他大概知道他要做什么，但没有具体的计划。
unclear a。指句意、字迹不清楚，使人难以看懂；不肯定的。 Unclear writing is difficult to understand。模糊的字迹使人难以辨认。
It is unclear whether the economy will get better。经济是否好转仍不明朗。
dim a。光线暗淡的，看不清的；记忆力模糊的；不大可能的。 Don't work in dim light。不要在昏暗的光线下工作。 His changes of recovery from illness are dim。他康复的可能性十分渺茫。
7． alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline这一组动词都有"减少，减轻"的意思。
alleviate v。在痛苦方面的减轻，缓和 The painkiller alleviated the pain。止疼药减缓了疼痛。 diminish v。指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降。
The supply of oil has diminished because of the war。由于战争石油的供应减少了。
reduce v。指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。 He reduced the amount of money they could spend。他缩减了他们的开销。
decrease v。指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱。 The population decreased a lot last year。去年人口数量急剧下降。 decline v. (数目、价格、比率)下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落。 Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined。去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。
He declined our invitation to dinner。他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。 8. allocate, separate, detach, divide 这一组动词都有"分开"的意思。
allocate v。分配，把??拨给。 The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget。市政府在今年的预算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。 separate v。人为地分开，使隔离开。 We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks。我们把沙拉叉与餐叉分隔开。
detach v。拆开组合的物体；远离，疏远。 We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall。我们需要一名木匠将书架从墙上拆下来。
divide v。指将整体分为若干个部分。 The huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies。这家特大公司分成一些较小的公司。
9. adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary这九个动词都含有"调整、改变"的意思。
adjust v。一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整；修理。 I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool。我调节了空调以保持凉爽。
regulate v。指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节，使之准确工作或运行；多含有"控制"之意。
Lights are used to regulate the traffic。红绿灯被用来管制交通。 rectify v。纠正，校正(错误、文章、合同等)。 He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording。他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。
amend v. (正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等。The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs。政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。
convert v。改变某事物的形式或用途，还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。
Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971。英国于1971年改用十进制货币体系。
He's converted to Catholicism。他已经皈依天主教。 alter v。使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。
The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight。裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。
modify v。改变，修改，以使某物更趋完善，还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。
He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior。他粗声大气，脾气暴躁；朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。 transform v。指彻底、深远的改变，这种变化完全改变了外观或特性，使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。
Remodeling transformed an old, dark housesintosa cheerful one。重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。
vary v。强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。
Air fares vary from one airline to another。航空公司的机票价格各不相同。
10. admit, confess, concede 这几个动词都有"承认"的意思。 admit v。指由于说服、再三追问而"承认"某一事实或过错。 I admit that you have a point。我承认你有理。
confess v。供认(罪行、过错等)，含有"坦白、招认"的意思。 He confessed his crimes to the judge。他向法官供认了他的罪行。
concede v。指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误，但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认，还可以指"以退为进"的承认。
The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it。造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。
11. affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim 这一组动词都有"声称"的意思。
affirm v。坚信不疑地肯定或宣称，是deny的反义词。 He affirmed his love for her。他发誓爱她。
assert v。指不管事实如何，主观自信地宣称，或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。
She asserted that she was innocent 。她宣称自己是无辜的。 allege v。在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。
The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime。嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。
claim v。要求，声称，断言。多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张。
They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city。他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话，闹市区的汽车就会有所减少。
announce v。宣布，宣告。多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度，常常带有预告的意味。
The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge。印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。
proclaim v。宣布；宣告(成立)。指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断，尤其指重大事件的宣布，多用于官方场合。
The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came。当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。
12.aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify这一组动词都有"加强"的意思。
aggravate v。加重(负担、罪行、病情等)，使之恶化。
I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon。我的脚受伤了，而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。
reinforce v。增援，一般用于军队或警察的行动；(以添加材料等)加固。
A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him。一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行，用无线电话要求增援。 increase v。指数量上的增加。
The number of people has been increased。人数增加了。
strengthen v。加强，巩固，增强，相当于to become stronger。 Exercising every day strengthens the heart。每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。
Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it。人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。
intensify v。使变得更强烈、剧烈，加剧，相当于to become more intense or intensive。
intensify colors加深色彩intensify hatred加深仇恨
篇二：常见同义词辨析
1．summary, abstract, outline 区别
这些名词均含“摘要、概要、概括”之意。
summary : 普通用词，指将书籍或文章等的内容，用寥寥数语作简明扼要的说明。 abstract : 指论文、书籍等正文前的内容摘要，尤指学术论文或法律文件。
digest : 侧重对原文融汇贯通，重新谋篇布局，以简明扼要的语言，简短篇幅成文，展现原作精华。
outline : 指配以释议文字的提纲。
2． abolish, cancel, eliminate, extinguish 区别
这一组动词都有“取消，除掉”的意思。
abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。
The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。
cancel v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消；删去(字、句)。The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。 eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。
The losing team was eliminated from further competition.失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参加下一阶段的比赛。
The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。
dispose v.处理，处置；表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。) After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后请清除掉垃圾。
extinguish v.熄灭，扑灭(火)；使沉默，使暗淡。
Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防队员扑灭了大火
3． Absurd，ridiculous，silly区别
absurd a.荒谬的，可笑的，指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。 例：There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.
过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。
ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分。例：It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.
仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。 silly a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。
例：a silly little boy傻小子
4． Accommodate，afford，furnish 这一组动词都有“提供”的意思。 accommodate v.提供住宿、房间；适应，迎合，迁就。
This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家饭店可供500位来宾住宿。 The company accommodated the customer's wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司满足了顾客的愿望，连夜将货物发了出去。
afford v.负担，支付；当“提供”讲时，多用于指抽象事物的提供。
We can't afford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。
The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。
furnish v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。
Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我们的思想提供了各种知识，然而只有思考才能将我们读到的内容变成自己的东西。
5． acute, critical, crucial, urgent这一组形容词都有"严重的，重要的"意思。
acute a.剧烈的，严重的；急性的(病)。
An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。
critical a.意为"关键的"，表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点，与crucial相似。与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量；还指"批判性的，分析性的"。
It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.
为了考好你必须用功学习，则你会不及格的。
crucial a.意为"决定性的，紧要关头的，至关重要的"，最为笼统，适用于上述两种情况。
Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。
urgent a.意为"紧迫的，急迫的，紧要的"，它不强调所指的问题是最重要的，仅强调"紧急的"状态。
We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助，我们的水就快要用光了。
6． ambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dim 这一组形容词都有"模糊"的意思。
ambiguous a。意义含糊的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。
His ambiguous directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take。他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。 obscure a。用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。
The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references。艾兹拉·庞德的诗有时候难以理解，因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故。
vague a。含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚，该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。
He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific。他大概知道他要做什么，但没有具体的计划。
unclear a。指句意、字迹不清楚，使人难以看懂；不肯定的。
Unclear writing is difficult to understand。模糊的字迹使人难以辨认。
It is unclear whether the economy will get better。经济是否好转仍不明朗。 dim a。光线暗淡的，看不清的；记忆力模糊的；不大可能的。
Don't work in dim light。不要在昏暗的光线下工作。
His changes of recovery from illness are dim。他康复的可能性十分渺茫。 7． alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline这一组动词都有"减少，减轻"的意思。
alleviate v。在痛苦方面的减轻，缓和
The painkiller alleviated the pain。止疼药减缓了疼痛。
diminish v。指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降。
The supply of oil has diminished because of the war。由于战争石油的供应减少了。
reduce v。指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。
He reduced the amount of money they could spend。他缩减了他们的开销。 decrease v。指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱。
The population decreased a lot last year。去年人口数量急剧下降。
decline v. (数目、价格、比率)下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落。
Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined。去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。
He declined our invitation to dinner。他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。
8. allocate, separate, detach, divide 这一组动词都有"分开"的意思。 allocate v。分配，把??拨给。
The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget。市政府在今年的预算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。
separate v。人为地分开，使隔离开。
We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks。我们把沙拉叉与餐叉分隔开。 detach v。拆开组合的物体；远离，疏远。
We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall。我们需要一名木匠将书架从墙上拆下来。
divide v。指将整体分为若干个部分。
The huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies。这家特大公司分成一些较小的公司。
9. adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary这九个动词都含有"调整、改变"的意思。
adjust v。一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整；修理。
I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool。我调节了空调以保持凉爽。
regulate v。指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节，使之准确工作或运行；多含有"控制"之意。
Lights are used to regulate the traffic。红绿灯被用来管制交通。
rectify v。纠正，校正(错误、文章、合同等)。
He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording。他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。
amend v. (正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等。
The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs。政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。
convert v。改变某事物的形式或用途，还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。 Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971。英国于1971年改用十进制货币体系。
He's converted to Catholicism。他已经皈依天主教。
alter v。使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。
The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight。裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。
modify v。改变，修改，以使某物更趋完善，还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。
He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior。他粗声大气，脾气暴躁；朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。
transform v。指彻底、深远的改变，这种变化完全改变了外观或特性，使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。
Remodeling transformed an old, dark housesintosa cheerful one。重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。
vary v。强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。
Air fares vary from one airline to another。航空公司的机票价格各不相同。
10. admit, confess, concede 这几个动词都有"承认"的意思。 admit v。指由于说服、再三追问而"承认"某一事实或过错。
I admit that you have a point。我承认你有理。
confess v。供认(罪行、过错等)，含有"坦白、招认"的意思。
He confessed his crimes to the judge。他向法官供认了他的罪行。
concede v。指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误，但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认，还可以指"以退为进"的承认。
The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it。造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。
11. affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim 这一组动词都有"声称"的意思。
affirm v。坚信不疑地肯定或宣称，是deny的反义词。
He affirmed his love for her。他发誓爱她。
assert v。指不管事实如何，主观自信地宣称，或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。
She asserted that she was innocent 。她宣称自己是无辜的。
allege v。在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。
The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime。嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。
claim v。要求，声称，断言。多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张。
They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer
automobiles in the downtown section of the city。他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话，闹市区的汽车就会有所减少。
announce v。宣布，宣告。多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度，常常带有预告的意味。
The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge。印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。
proclaim v。宣布；宣告(成立)。指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断，尤其指重大事件的宣布，多用于官方场合。
The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came。当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。
12.aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify这一组动词都有"加强"的意思。
aggravate v。加重(负担、罪行、病情等)，使之恶化。
I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon。我的脚受伤了，而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。
reinforce v。增援，一般用于军队或警察的行动；(以添加材料等)加固。
A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him。一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行，用无线电话要求增援。
increase v。指数量上的增加。
The number of people has been increased。人数增加了。
strengthen v。加强，巩固，增强，相当于to become stronger。
Exercising every day strengthens the heart。每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it。人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。
intensify v。使变得更强烈、剧烈，加剧，相当于to become more intense or intensive。
intensify colors加深色彩intensify hatred加深仇恨
13. alert, cautious, considerate 这一组形容词都表示"小心的，谨慎的"。 alert a。警惕的，留神的。
The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests' drinking need。女主人一直站在旁边，时刻准备给大家斟酒。
cautious a。细心的，谨慎的。
He has a cautious attitude about spending money。在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。 considerate a。关心他人的，体贴的。
He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic。他总是很体谅他人，并且慈祥而富有同情心。
14. alive, live, living, lively 这一组形容词都跟"活"有关。
alive a。活着的，有活力的，常作表语，作定语时必须后置。
After the accident, he was barely alive。交通事故后，他奄奄一息。
all man alive所有活着的人
篇三：[四六级]大学英语作文布局谋篇八种常用句型
[四六级]大学英语作文布局谋篇八种常用句型
一)原因
1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).
2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.
3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...
4. The factors that contribute to this situation include...
5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that...
6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are...
7. Part of the explanations for it is that ...
One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...
Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...
Perhaps the primary factor is that ?
But the fundamental cause is that
二)比较
1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.
2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...
4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that...
5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.
6.Like anything else, it has its faults.
7.A and B has several points in common.
8.A bears some resemblances to B.
9.However, the same is not applicable to B.
10. A and B differ in several ways.
11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.
12. People used to think ..., but things are different now.
13. The same is true of B.
14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.
15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...
三)批驳
1)It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ..., but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that...
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ...
7) Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ...
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...
四)后果
1. It may give rise to a host of problems.
2. The immediate result it produces is ...
3. It will exercise a profound influence upon...
4. Its consequence can be so great that...
五)举例
1) A good case in point is ...
2) As an illustration, we may take ...
3) Such examples might be given easily.
4) ...is often cited as an example.
六)证明
1) No one can deny the fact that ...
2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...
4) Recent studies indicate that ...
5) There is sufficient evidence to show that ...
6) According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...
七)开篇
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ...
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ...
6) Never in our history has the idea that ... been so popular.
7) Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ...
8) According to a recent survey, ...
9) With the rapid development of ..., ...
八)结尾
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...
3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...
4) In conclusion, it is imperative that ...
5) There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help.
6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ...
7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ...
10) Taking all these into account, we ...
11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...
四级考试写作秘籍
(二)解决办法
第一，首先必须熟悉英语四级写作具体要求。英语四级考试要求考生在30分钟内写出120字的文章。体材主要有议论文(分为“Topic题型”和A&B又称“正反观点题”)应用文(主要是书信)、图表文等。针对不同的体裁，写作思路是不同的。比如，以议论文举例来说：
1.议论文写作思路
2.议论文分类：阐述主题型作文(Topic)；正反观点型作文(A&B)
3.阐述主题型作文写作：(这类题型作文要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述)
(1)基本写作格式
5. 正反观点型作文(A&B)(这类题型作文通常从正反两方面来分别论述，最后得出你自己的结论。采用论点加论据写作形式。)
(1)基本写作格式
第二，熟悉英语写作的几个重要概念。
1.英语文章段落结构特点
英语文章段落结构一般有三部分构成：主题句+扩展句+结尾句
(1)主题句：所谓主题句，就是英语文章段落的中心思想句。它是英语文章段落的灵魂，在英语文章段落中居于主导地位。我们都知道英语文章一般喜欢开门见山，所以主题句一般位于英语文章段落的句首。其他句子都要围绕它而展开。
(2)扩展句：所谓扩展句就是为主题句起解释说明或论证的句子。通常我们写扩展句所采用的方法是举例子(for example, for instance, such as, a case in point is that---)、列数据(according to the recent study/survey,---)等。
(3)结尾句：所谓结尾句就是总结句。英语写作也类似于汉语写作，最后再把自己本段落的写作目的陈述一下。但是在英语写作中结尾句毕竟还是少数。
因此我们通常看到英语的文章段落结构 60%-70%都是由主题句+扩展句构成。
2.主旨句
作为主旨句就是英语文章的中心思想句。英语文章一般首先用一句话概括一下作者的写作目的或意图，我们就把这句话称之为主旨句。没有受过写作训练的考生是不会写主旨句的。因此这样的文章就不能够称之为好的英语文章，自然也得不到阅卷人的青睐了。
第三，学会遣词造句
1.遣词：
(1)词汇等级
所谓词汇的等级就是，我们在写作的过程中，如果想出一个基本词汇来之后，能够在这个基本词汇的基础上把它在提升一下，也就是我们一般写作所提倡的用“难词”。比如，我们一提到“重要的”，大多数同学首先会想到“important”这个单词，那么提升一下的话就可以想到它的如下同义词：significant, vital, main, basilica, crucial, momentous etc
(2)词汇准确性
所谓词汇的准确性是指，我们在有一个词近而想到它的同义词之后，要结合语境选择恰当的用词。在这里必须指明的是，并不是词汇等级越高越好，必须还要考虑到适合于不同的语境。比如，眼睛大，这个“大的”形容词，我们首先会想到big,近而想到great, large, huge, vast, titanic, enormous etc。那么是不是用后面的词就可以了呢？或者说用上enormous等词更能博得阅卷人的好感呢？答案是否定的。在这里很明显用后面的词来修饰眼睛是不可以，只能用big，因为我们听过一首英文歌曲叫做“I am a big big girl, in a big big world.”big表示眼睛大而迷人可爱的。
2.造句：
(1)词组
很多考生平时写作不太擅长用词组，对于他们而言最习惯的就是想到汉语，然后对应汉语思维写出英语句子，这种写作只能是单词的罗列组合，谈不上什么技巧文采可言，因此，写出来的文章必然就是所谓平淡如流水，没有英语的味道。如果我们能够在单词的基础上，进一步想到与之同义的词组，那么文章就会显得与众不同，更具有英语的味道。比如上面所说的“重要的”这个单词，当我们想到important的时候，如果从语法角度再稍加考虑一下，我们会想到“be of importance”。因为，语法中规定：形容词等于of加这个形容词的名词形式。如果再提升一步，我们还学过一个常用的词组叫做“play an important role in---”。很多同学说自己的文章凑不够字数或是没有文采，那么采用词组进行写作是不是就可以解决以上问题了呢？
(2)句式
除了采用词组，要使文章更具英语的味道，我们还需要变换句式。没有受过正规作文训练的考生，通常采用的句式多为主谓宾、主系表。于是我们看到大多数的文章充斥着这样的形式：I am a good boy, and I am a student. I study in Shandong University, and I have three years experience in Qilu Hotel.这样流水帐式的文章显然不能得到高分。
写作中阅卷人喜欢的句式有以下两种：一是插入语；二是倒装。
第一，插入语。
所谓插入语，英语中有两种形式。一种是有两个逗号之间引起的成分称之为插入语；第二种是有两个半破折号引起的成分称之为插入语。如下所示(黑体划线处)：
Jinan, the Spring City, is a famous tourist city.
Other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.插入语的作用主要有两个，一个是突出主语，比如说：He, who would like to play basketball, is a good student.
第二个作用是解释说明，比如说：People, especially students, should work hard.
第二，倒装
倒装是我们写作中需要用到的。虽然略显俗套，但是却是很能满足阅卷人的主观感受的。常用的倒装形式有以下几种：
Only + 时间状语
Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future.
Only + 介词词组
Only by planning his time care fully can he improve efficiency and make achievements.Only in this way can we master the writing skills step by steps.
否定词位于句首(hardly when; never; not only---,but also---; seldom)
在我一生当中很难遇到这样的人
Seldom in my life have I met such a kind-hearted man.
地点方位名词位于句首
In no other place in the world can one find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games.
(3)修辞
无论是汉语写作还是英语写作，修辞其实非常的重要。它是作者写作功底具体事例地展现。所谓修辞包括比喻、拟人、排比等等。英语写作中的修辞问题我已经专门写过一篇文章(见《英语写作几种修辞手法》)。这里仅举一个比喻例子，还是拿“重要的”来举例。当你用完词组之后，如果你用上下面比如句子，则文章就会显得神采飞扬，试比较：
The bicycle is important for us.
The bicycle is of importance for us.
The bicycle plays an important role in our life.
The bicycle, environmental friendliness vehicle, plays an important role in our life.The bicycle is like the air, water, and sunshine and cannot be parted with a moment in our life.
那么很明显，最后一个句子是我们最终拿到考场上去搏击高分的句子。