篇一：毕业论文引言范文
毕业论文引言范文
当今世界已进入信息时代，Internet成为21世纪最受关注的行业之一,它的飞速发展和在全球范围的普及应用正在给人类生活带来革命性变化。网络技术的发展也取得了巨大的成就，为网站开发提供了很好的技术支持。正基于这个背景，产生了《图片网站设计》这个毕业设计课题。
就课题组成员而言，主要是想通过《图片网站设计》课题的开发，让自身在软件开发的知识水平提升一个档次，特别是对软件开发形成一种概念，同时加强培养团队合作意识。
本课题于2005年12月正式成立课题组，由程桦老师任指导老师，赵有*、刘*、张予*、方*和张神*任课题组成员。在课题组成立初期，就确立了一个指导方针，即严格按照软件工程的要求，同时也兼顾网站开发其自身的特殊性原则，认真完成每阶段的任务。
在选题后，课题组成员查阅了大量的文献资料，对目前网站开发的现状以及采用的技术进行了详细的研究，结合课题组现有
的资源，于2006年1月正式定题，课题定名为《基于ASP技术的图片网站设计与实现》。
随后经历了一个寒假和毕业实习后，于2006年3月底正式进入课题系统实质性的开发阶段。课题组把网站开发的过程分为系统分析、系统设计、系统实现和系统测试四个阶段，在系统分析中，对系统进行了可行性分析、需求分析以及功能分析，于4月初结束这阶段的工作后转入系统设计阶段；在系统设计中，主要是明确整个系统的用户界面功能模块、网站管理系统功能模块以及数据库的设计等，于4月中旬完成了这个阶段性任务；系统的实现，历经一个半月，主要是实现系统设计中的所有模块功能；最后利用了一周的时间完成系统的测试；测试完成后设计编制一套系统开发手册，课题的所有开发设计工作于5月底全部结束。
在完成开发工作后，课题组成员的任务立刻转向毕业论文的写作，课题组各成员毕业论文的写作内容原则上就是其在设计开发中所承担的主要任务，最后形成一套学士论文集：
张神* 《基于ASP技术的图片网站设计与实现——系统分析与设计》
张予* 《基于ASP技术的图片网站设计与实现——网站的实现》
赵有* 《基于ASP技术的图片网站设计与实现——网站管理软件的实现》
刘 * 《基于ASP技术的图片网站设计与实现——系统的测试》
方 * 《基于ASP技术的图片网站设计与实现——数据库分析与设计》
在此说明一下，课题组中各论文中提到的网站即是通常所说的前台，而网站管理即是通常所说的后台管理。而把整个网站则称为一个系统。
在论文的写作过程中，课题组各成员严格按照论文写作规范的要求来写，各成员首先是列写作大纲，然后在大纲的基础上撰写论文初稿，再根据指导老师对初稿审阅后提出的修改意见，完
成论文的修改稿，修改稿通过后还对论文中各个细节进行适当的推敲修改，最后形成定稿。
通过课题组成员和指导老师的努力，于6月5日完成毕业论文初稿，9日完成了修改稿，6月12日完成定稿。
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研究各种经济活动的投入与产出之间的数量依存关系，特别是国民经济各个部门之间的数量依存关系的一种方法。早在1924年苏联为了统一计划和安排全国的生产活动，曾经编制
1923/1924年国民经济平衡表,其中包括各种产品生产与消耗的棋盘式平衡表，当时在方法上并未进行科学的提炼和总结。20世纪30年代，W.W.列昂季耶夫在前人工作的基础上提出了投入产出方法，并且利用美国经济统计资料编制了美国经济1919年和1929年的投入产出表。在第二次世界大战末期，这个方法得到美国政府的重视。战后，美国劳动部与空军合作，以较大人力、物力编制了美国经济1947年投入产出表。
在20世纪50年代，世界上曾经出现了编制和应用投入产出表的热潮。世界上已经有90多个国家先后编制了投入产出表。中国
在1974年到1976年曾经编制了61个部门的实物型投入产出表。 投入产出分析的主要作用如下：①检查现有国民经济计划方案在部门间的比例和主要产品产量方面的不平衡状况，找出缺口，提出改进方案。②分析国民经济中的一些主要比例关系，如积累与消费比例，两大部类比例等。③研究采取某一项重要的经济政策可能产生的影响。例如，研究当工资提高10％时，各部门商品价格上升的百分比。④计算产品的完全劳动消耗，为正确制订产品价格提供科学依据。⑤进行经济预测。例如，通过编制多部门动态模型预测未来某一时段的经济发展状况。⑥研究一些专门的社会问题。如污染问题、收入分配问题、人口问题、就业问题等。 投入产出模型，按照分析时期的不同，可分为静态的和动态的两种。
静态投入产出模型的研究开始的较早，已经比较定型。它又可分为静态开模型、静态闭模型、静态局部闭模型三种。静态开模型的基本结构见表[投入产出静态开模型]。
在这个模型中整个国民经济分为个部门。,分别表示第个部门的总产品和最终产品的数量表示第个部门产品生产过程中所消耗的第部门产品的数量。,，分别表示第个部门产品中的固定资产折旧、劳动报酬、纯收入（税金、利润、利息等）的数量。这个
篇二：三、引言写法范文
三、引言写法范文
引言的写法
引言部分对于引起读者的兴趣至关重要，应写得引人入胜，最主要的一点是让人读后能明白你的论文写什么，让人觉得你的日的明确。引言没有固定的程式，主要取决于论文的对象、论题和写作的方法。下面是几种最基本的方法。
1) 引语 (Quotation)
“Two cheers to democracy” was E.M. Foster's not-quite-wholehearted judgement. Most Americans would not agree. To them, our democracy is one of the glories of civilization. To one American, E.B.White, in particular, democracy is "the hole in the stuffed shirt through which the sawdust slowly tricks ... the dent in the high hat ... the recurrent suspicion that more than half of the people are right more than half of the time". (915) American democracy is based on the oldest continuously operating written constitution in the world – a most impressive fact and a testament to the farsightedness of the founding fathers. But just how farsighted can mere humans be? In Future Shock, Alvin Toffler quotes economist Kenneth Boulding on the incredible acceleration of social change in our time: "The world of today ... is as different from the world in which I was born as that world was from Julius Caesar's."(13) As we move toward the twenty-first century, it seems legitimate to question the continued effectiveness of a governmental system that was devised in the eighteenth century, and it seems equally legitimate to consider
以两句引语展开讨论，这两句精妙而带煽动性的评论颇能激发读者的兴趣。接着又引用Boulding的话，有助于引向论文的中心。
2）回顾历史（Historical review）
有时，读者在不了解相关的历史背景的情况下不能立即抓住你探讨的问题。请看下面这段开头的写法：
Sex and violence on the screen are not new issues. In the Roaring Twenties there was increasing pressure from civic and religious groups to ban depictions of “immorality” from the screen. Faced with the threat of federal censorship, the film producers decided to clean their own house. In 1930, the Motion Picture and Distributors of America established the Production Code. At first, adherence to the Code was voluntary; but in 1934 Joseph Breen, newly appointed head of the MPPDA, gave the Code teeth. Henceforth all newly produced films had to be submitted for approval to the Production Code Administration, which had the power to award or withhold the Code seal. Without a Code seal, it was virtually impossible for a film to be shown anywhere in the United States, since exhibitors would not accept it. At about the same time, the Catholic Legion of Decency was formed to advise the faithful which films were and were not objectionable. For several decades the Production Code Administration exercised powerful control over what was portrayed in American theatrical films. By the 1960s, however, changing standards of morality had considerably weakened the Code's grip. In 1968, the Production Code was replaced with a rating system designed to keep younger audiences away from films with high levels of sex or violence. Despite its imperfections, this rating system has proved more beneficial to American films than did the old censorship system.
这篇论文在引言之后，紧接着谈收视率等级法（rating system）的好处。作者觉得提供等级法的某些历史背景，有助于读者理解他的论述。请注意提供背景应按时间顺序。
3）回顾论争（Review of controversy）
回顾过去的争论或论争，是历史性回顾的一种特殊形式。请看下面一段引言的写法：
The American Heritage Dictionary's definition of civil disobedience is rather
simple: “the refusal to obey civil laws that are regarded as unjust, usually by employing methods of passive resistance.” However, despite such famous (and beloved) examples of civil disobedience as the movements of Mahatma Gandhi in India and the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. in the United States, the question of whether or not civil disobedience should be considered an asset to society is hardly clear cut. For instance, Hannah Aren't, in her article "Civil Disobedience", holds that "to think of disobedient minorities as rebels and truants is against the letter and spirit of a constitution whose framers were especially sensitive to the dangers of unbridled majority rule." On the other hand, a noted lawyer, Lewis Van Dusen, Jr., in his article "Civil Disobedience: Destroyer of Democracy ", states that “civil disobedience, whatever the ethical rationalization, is still an assault on our democratic society, an affront to our legal order and an attack on our constitutional government." These opposite views are clearly incompatible. I believe, though, that Van Dusen's is the more convincing. On balance, civil disobedience is dangerous to society.
这篇文章的题目是写“非暴力反抗”的消极面，而不是Dusen那样持完全反对意见的文章。但在引入这个论题时，作者提供了反面的意见，同时简要地提到两个参与论证的人及其观点。文章从一开始就针对这个论题的具体方面，而不是抽象的方面，作者这样做是希望让读者一起来关注这一争论，而非暴力反抗的争论正是这篇文章的论题。
4）从一般到具体（From the general to the specific）
另一种办法是从一般到具体。文章是讨论1968年发生在越南的一次大屠杀，下段引言就是从概述开始引入正题。
Though we prefer to think of man as basically good and reluctant to do evil, such is not the case. Many of the crimes inflicted on humankind can be dismissed as being committed by the degenerated of society at the prompting of the abnormal
mind. But what of the perfectly "normal" man or woman who commits inhumane acts simply because he or she has been ordered to do so? It cannot be denied that such acts have occurred, either in everyday life or in wartime situations. Unfortunately, even normal, well-adjusted people can become cruel, inhumane, and destructive if placed in the hands of unscrupulous authority. Such was the case in the village of My Lai, Vietnam, on March 16, 1968, when a platoon of American soldiers commanded by Lt. William Calley massacred more than 100 civilians, including women and children.
5）从具体到一般：掌故、实例（From the specific to the general: anecdote, illustration）
上面一段引言是从一般性的问题（人是否基本上是好的）到具体的问题（发生在越南的一次大屠杀）；而下面这段引言是从具体的（科学家研究数据）到一般性的问题（减少核威胁的迫切性）。以逸事、趣闻开头，是你用来吸引读者注意力最有效的一种手法。
In late 1971 astronomer Carl Sagan and his colleagues were studying data transmitted from the planet Mars to the earth by the MarineL9 spacecraft. Struck by the effects of the Martian dust storms on the temperature and on the amount of light reaching the surface, the scientists wondered about the effects on earth of the dust storms that would be created by nuclear explosions. Using computer models, they simulated the effects of such explosions on the earth's climate. The results astounded them. Apart from the known effects of nuclear blasts (fires and radiation), the earth, they discovered, would become enshrouded in a “nuclear winter” Following a nuclear exchange, plummeting temperatures and pervading darkness would destroy most of the Northern Hemisphere's crops and farm animals and would eventually render much of the planet's surface uninhabitable. The effects of nuclear war, apparently, would be more catastrophic than had been previously
imagined. It has therefore become more urgent than ever for the nations of the world to take dramatic steps to reduce the threat of nuclear war.
6）设问（Question）
作者常常通过提出一个问题或一连串的问题，来吸引读者的注意力： Are gender roles learned or inherited? Scientific research has established the existence of biological differences between the sexes, but the effect of biology's influence on gender roles cannot be distinguished from society's influence. According to Michael Lewis of the institute for the Study of Exceptional Children, "As early as you can show me a sex difference, I can show you the culture at work." Social processes, as well as biological differences, are responsible for the separate roles of men and women.
7）开门见山（Statement of thesis）
开门见山是最直接的引言写法，即一开头就提出论文论点：
Computers are a mixed blessing. The lives of Americans are becoming increasingly involved with machines that think for them. "We are at the dawn of the era of the smart machine," say the authors of a cover story on the subject in Nezvsweek, "that will change forever the way an entire nation works," beginning a revolution that will be to the brain what the industrial revolution to the hand. Tiny silicon chips already process enough information to direct air travel, to instruct machines how to cut fabric -- even to play chess with (and defeat) the masters. One can argue that development of computers for the household, as well as industrial – will change for the better the quality of our lives: computers will help us save energy, reduce the amount of drudgery that most of us endure around tax season, make access to libraries easier. Yet there is a certain danger involved with this proliferation of technology.
这段引言以一个挑战性的论断开头：计算机并不只有好处。许多读者或许
篇三：前言范文
前言范文
为了深人贯彻落实党的十五大精神，进一步深化“四个教育“，加强我省消防部队的思想政治建设，总队政治部组织全省消防部队从5月份开始，集中开展了这次以一顾大局、讲奉献、建功业”为主题内容的读书演讲比赛活动。各单位高度重视，周密安排，在组织官兵普遍开展群众性读书活动的基础上，层层选拔竞赛，把全部队的读书活动引向了深人。广大官兵以饱满的政治热情和渴求知识的迫切愿望，踊跃参加，积极投人到读书演讲活动中，丰富了知识，陶冶了情操，提高了思想境界和政治业务素质。特别是通过读书演讲的形式，热情讴歌和大力弘扬爱国主义、集体主义、革命英雄主义精神，充分展示了广大消防官兵与火魔作斗争，保护国家和人民群众生命财产安全的良好精神风貌和战斗风来升华了思想，净化了灵魂，达到了坚定信念，振奋精神，陶冶情操，励志育人的目的，促进了以防火灭火为中心各项任务的圆满完成。 读书演讲是一项十分有意义的活动。江主席要求军队要成为培养人、锻炼人的大学校、大熔炉，强调要“用正确的思想理论武装人”，“用现代科技特别是高科技知识武装人”。这“两个武装”，一个是建军之本，一个是强军之举。对于我们消防部队来说，搞好这“两个武装”至关重要，只有用科学理论武装起来，才能保持政治上的清醒和敏锐，在复杂情况和大是大非面前，坚定政治立场，牢牢把握正确的人生方向；、只有用高科技知识武装起来，掌握新技术、新装备，才能成为适应防火灭火工作和部队现代化建设需要的合格指挥员和战斗员。而要把江主席提出的“两个武装”落到实处，使之成为广大官兵的自觉行动，就必须把读书作为载体，组织和引导官兵多读书，读好书，通过读书，不断提高官兵的政治业务素质。当今的时代是一个各种新事物、新知识、新经验层出不穷的时代，我们要学习的东西多得很，不论是谁，只要停顿下来，不学习新东西，肯定是要落伍的。我们广大官兵都应增强学习的自觉性和紧迫感，以“闻鸡起舞”的精神和坚韧不拔的毅力搞好学习。通过学习，使自己的知识不断更新，视野不断拓宽，能力不断提高。省厅领导、厅政治部领导、总队首长对我们这次活动非常关心和支持，今天江厅长、李主任、张主任，以及各位总队首长都亲临赛场观摩，并为获奖单位和个人颁奖，这是对我们极大的鼓舞，在此，让我们以热烈的掌声表示感谢。
前言范文2
总队要求全省消防部队各级党组织和领导机关都要切实加强对读书活动的组织引导。要建立和完善制度，对读书活动作出长计划、短安排，抓好正课时间和双休日等业余时间的学习，确保时间、人员、内容、效果的落实。要以俱乐部为主要阵地，加大资金投人，经常购置一些理论、文化和业务书籍，并结合本单位实际，采取多种切实可行的方法，使＿官兵有好书、新书读。同时各级党组织还要经常向官兵推荐好书、新书，并注意引导官兵把读好书转化为提高思索人生的能力，提高读书活动的层次和质量。要激发官兵的读书兴趣，配合读书活动，开展一些读书演讲、读书征文、知识竞赛、“点将擂台”、“难题会诊”、心得交流等丰富多彩的活动，同时要大力宣传和表彰读书成才的先进典型，努力营造浓厚的读书氛围，使读书活动长盛不衰。
当前，我们正处在知识爆炸的年代，消防工作和部队现代化建设的任务异常繁重，在跨世纪的征程中，需要我们学习和掌握的知识很多。总队号召全省消防部队的各级领导都要减少应酬，挤出时间，腾出箱力，带头读书学习，为广大官兵做出表率。每个官兵都要看到自己在知识上的差距，像周总理那样，“为中华之崛起而读书”，发扬雷锋同志的“钉子”精神，刻苦读书，勤奋学习，丰富知识，充实头脑，提高素质，争做“四有”新人，为加强我省消防工作和部队建设贡献自己的聪明才智。