篇一：英语发音规则及划分音节规则
语音知识
1.关于语音的几个概念
1) 字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u, 2) 音标：词的语音形式。
3) 音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。
4) 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand
5) 元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。
6) 辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。
7) 开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due; b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi
8) 闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it
9) 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
2. 元音：(注意：下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标)
1) [i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling
2) [i] sit, build, miss, myth
3) [e] bed, desk, head,
4) [ ] bad, land, bank, stamp
5) [a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt
6) [ ] hot, want
7) [ ] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught
8) [u:] good, who, blue, soup,
9) [u] look, put, women, could
10) [ ] cup, come, blood, rough
11) [ ] girl, work, serve, nurse
12) [ ] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday
13) [ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,
14) [ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye
15) [ ] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow
16) [au] house, town
17) [ ] boy, oil
18) [ ] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,
19) [ ] pear, care, there, fair
20) [ ] tour, poor,
3. 容易混淆的元音
1) [e] [ ] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land
2) [i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid
3) [e] [AI] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide
4) [au] [ ] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor;
count corn; cloud clause
5) [au] [ ] found fond; gown gone; down don
4. 辅音
1) [p] pen,
2) [b] bed, comb
3) [t] tell,
4) [d], day, played, wanted
5) [k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box
6) [g] big, go, guess, language
7) [m] man
8) [n] nine, knife, autumn
9) [ ] bank, uncle, English, sing,
10) [l] land, world
11) [r] read, write,
12) [f] five, cough, laugh
13) [v] voice, of
14) [ ] think,
15) [ ] this, bathe
16) [s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf
17) [z] zoo, close,
18) [ ] sure, she, social, nation
19) [ ] pleasure,
20) [h] hot, who, hour
21) [w] wall, what, answer
22) [j] yes
23) [ ] child, teach, catch
24) [ ] joke, bridge,
25) [ts] boats
26) [dz] goods
27) [tr] tree
28) [dr] dream
5. 容易混淆的辅音
1) [v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well
2) [s] [ ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math
3) [z] [ ] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes
4) [n] [ ] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang
6. 读音规则
1) 重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)
2) 非重读音节 [ ] banana, student, today, after, [i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday
7. 特殊读音
1）音的连读：前面的词以元辅音结尾，后面的单词以元音开头，
这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。例如：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all
2）失去爆破：辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的辅音要失去爆破。例如：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme
3）音的同化：两个特殊的音碰到一起，会发出变异成特殊的音。例如：Would you do it? I am glad to meet you. Can't you see it? last year, this year,
8. 重音
1)单词重音
A)双音节词
a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry
b)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss, im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late
c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关,
其它的词性在第二个音节上。 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，
'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent
篇二：超全的一年级拼音拼读练习
汉语拼音辅导（一）
单韵母a o e
一、发音特点：口型不变，又响又长。
二、发音方法：
a： 嘴巴张大a a a o：搓圆嘴巴o o o e： 微笑嘴巴 e e e
三、 认读练习
üáǎà a—o o—e
ō?ǒ? ü—ǎ y—è
yétè ó—? é—t
á—à ?—ǒ
单韵母i u ü
一、发音特点：口型不变，又响又长。
二、发音方法：
i：牙齿对齐 i i iu：小圆嘴巴u u uü：口吹笛子ü
三、 认读练习
?í ǐì ūúǔù ǖǘǚǜ
a—o u—? o—e ü—ǎ í—ǐ ǘ—ǚ
ó—? é—t ù—ū ǘ—ǜ ?—ǐ ū—ú
声母b p m f
一、发音特点：口型变化，又轻又短。
二、记忆方法
b：左拇指朝上b b b p：左拇指朝下 p p p
m：两扇小门 m m m f：一根拐棍 f f f
ü ü 1
三、两拼音拼读方法
前音（声母）轻短后音（韵母）重，两音相连猛一碰。
四、 拼读练习
b—a—bap—a—pam—i—mi f—u—fu
b—o—bop—o—pom—a—maf—a—fa
bü bá bǎ bà pō p? pǒ p?
m? mí mǐ mì fū fú fǔ fù
bà ba（爸爸） mü ma（妈妈） pá pō（爬坡）
mì mì（秘密） pó po（婆婆） bó bo（伯伯）
mù mǎ（木马） pù bù（瀑布） p? bù（破布）
声母d t n l
一、发音特点：口型变化，又轻又短。
二、记忆方法
d：左下半圆d d d t：一把雨伞t t t
n：一扇小门n n n l：一根小棒l l l
三、拼读练习
d—a—da t—a—ta n—a—na l—a—la
d—e—de t—e—te n—e—ne l—e—le
d—u—du t—u—tu n—u—nu l—i—li
d—i—di t—i—ti n—i—ni l—u—lu
d—í—dí t—ǎ—tǎ n—í—ní l—í—lí
d? dí dǐ dì tü tá tǎ tà
n? ní nǐ nì l?lílǐlì
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ná（拿）tí（提）dú（读）
nǎ lǐ（哪里） nà lǐ （那里） d? da（嘀嗒）
mǎ lù（马路）mí lù（迷路） dū dū（嘟嘟）
dì tú（地图） tǔ dì（土地） tú dì（徒弟）
dà mǎ（大马）dǎ mà（打骂） ní tǔ（泥土）
tà bù（踏步） tí mù（题目） nǔ lì（努力）
dà dù（大度） mù t?（木梯）
声母g k h
一、发音特点：口型变化，又轻又短。
二、发音方法
g：一只鸽子g g gk：小鸡出壳k k k
h：背靠椅子h h h
三、拼读练习
g—e—ge k—e—ke h—e—he g—u—guk—u—ku
h—u—hu g—a—ga k—a—ka h—a—ha
dǎ gǔ（打鼓）bá hé（拔河）bü gè（八个）bü gy（八哥）lè hü hü（乐哈哈） gy（鸽） gy ge（哥哥） gū mü（姑妈）hǔ（虎）hè（鹤） mǎ hǔ（马虎） dà mǐ（大米）
mù fá（木筏） dà mǎ（大马） tà bù（踏步）
ní tǔ（泥土） gy bo（胳膊）dà gy（大哥） dǎ hǔ（打虎）
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声母j q x
一、记忆方法
j： 玩积木j j j q： 打气筒q q q
x： 唱京戏x x x
二、省写规则
ü ü见了j、q、x，先摘墨镜后握手。
三、拼读练习
j—?—ju q—?—qu x—?—xu
j? qì（机器）hú xū（胡须） xì qǔ（戏曲）
j? jí（积极）lü j?（垃圾）mǔ j?（母鸡）
jǐ gè（几个） j? mù（积木）bǐ jì（笔记）
bù jí（不急） jí gé（及格）x? xì（嬉戏）
jì xù（继续） jì qǐ（记起）jǔ qǐ（举起）
声母z c s
一、发音方法
z：字母的“字”读得轻又短。
c：刺猬的“刺”读得轻又短。
s： 四个的“四”读得轻又短。
二、拼读练习
zici si z? zí zǐ zìc? cí cǐ cì
z—a—za c—a—ca s—a—sa z—u—zu
c—u—cu s—u—su z—e—ze c—e—ce
s? sí sǐs—e—se sì 4
三、拼读词语
cū xì（粗细） zǔ fù（祖父） zì jǐ（自己）
cü bō li（擦玻璃） zǔ mǔ（祖母）cü xǐ（擦洗）
zǐ sè（紫色） jì cè（计策） lǜ sè（绿色）
声母zh ch sh r
一、发音方法
zh：蜘蛛的“蜘”读得轻又短。
ch：吃饭的“吃”读得轻又短。
sh：狮子的“狮”读得轻又短。
r： 红日的“日”读得轻又短。
二、三拼音拼读方法：声轻介快韵母响，三音相连猛一碰。
三、拼读练习
zhi chi shiri re rusase sha she shu su
zaze zha zhe zhu zuca cecha chechucu
chuo cuo duo gua guo zuo hua huo jia kuakuo
luo nuo qiaruo shua shuo suo tuo xia zhua zhuo zh? shù（植树） zǔ fù（祖父） zhǔ fù（嘱咐） s? guü（丝瓜）zì jǐ（自己） rì chū（日出） rè chá（热茶） chú sh?（厨师） zh? zhū（蜘蛛） zhú zi（竹子）shì zi（柿子） jiü li（家里）guó jiü（国家） x? guü（西瓜） huǒ chy（火车） zu? xià（坐下）cu? le（错了） dà xiü（大虾） huü duǒ（花朵） shuō huà（说话）
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篇三：英语新增题。阅读理解和完形填空
阅读理解（一）
1. There was once an ant that was very thirsty.
It ran here and there looking for some water but could not find any.
Then suddenly, when the ant was almost ready to die of thirst, a large drop of water fell on it. The ant drank the water, which saved its life.
The water was actually a tear from a young girl who was crying. Because of her sadness, the tear had magical qualities and suddenly the ant could speak the language of human beings. The ant looked up and saw the young girl sitting in front of a huge pile of seeds.
"Why are you sad?" asked the ant.
"I'm the prisoner of a giant." the girl told the ant. "He won't let me go until I've made three separate heaps of grain, barley（大麦）and rye（黑麦）out of this huge pile of seeds in which they are all mixed together."
"That will take you a month!" the ant said, looking at the huge pile of seeds.
"I know," the girl cried, "and if I haven't finished by tomorrow, the giant will eat me for his supper!"
"Don't cry," the ant said, "my friends and I will help you."
Soon thousands of ants were at work, separating the three kinds of seeds.
The next morning, when the giant saw that the work had been done, he let the girl go.
Thus it was one of her tears that saved her life.
曾经有一只蚂蚁，它很渴，为了寻找水到处跑，但没找到。当蚂蚁几乎要渴死的时候，一大滴水掉了下来。蚂蚁喝了这点水，挽救了他的生命。那些水实际上是来自一位正在哭泣的小姑娘。因为她太伤心了，眼泪变得很神奇，突然蚂蚁开始说人类的语言了。蚂蚁抬起头，看到年轻的姑娘坐在一大堆的种子前面。
“你为什么伤心？ ”蚂蚁问。
“我是一个巨人的囚犯。”女孩告诉蚂蚁。他让我把混合在一起的谷子，大麦、黑麦种子全部分开，才让我走。
“这将需要你一个月！ ”蚂蚁看了看这一大堆种子，说。
“我知道， ”女孩哭了，如果我明天还没有完成，巨人将把我作为他的晚饭吃掉！“ “不要哭了， ”蚂蚁说，“我和我的朋友会帮助你。
不久，成千上万的蚂蚁为了分离这三种种子一直在工作中。
第二天当巨人看到这项工作已经做了，他让女孩走了。
因此，正是她的眼泪挽救了她的生命。
(1)、The ant was playing when it ran here and there.当蚂蚁到处跑的时候是他正在玩。
A：TB：F答案：B
(2)、The drop of water fell on the ant when it was nearly dying.
当蚂蚁快要死的时候，一滴水落到了它身上。
A：TB：F答案：A
(3)、The young girl was crying because she wanted to have supper.
小女孩那会儿在哭因为她想吃晚餐。
A：TB：F答案：B
(4)、The giant would eat the girl if she failed to do the work.
如果小女孩没能完成工作，巨人将会吃掉她。
A：TB：F答案：A
(5)、The ant's friends saved the girl's life. 蚂蚁的朋友挽救了这个女孩的生命。
A：T B：F答案：A
2、Languages are remarkably complex and wonderfully complicated organs of culture. They
contain the quickest and the most efficient means of communicating within their respective culture. To learn a foreign language is to learn another culture. In the words of a poet and philosopher, "As many languages as one speaks, so many lives one lives." A culture and its language are as
necessary as brain and body; while one is a part of the other, neither can function without the other. In learning a foreign language, the best beginning would be starting with the non-language
elements of the language: its gestures, its body language, etc. Eye contact is extremely important in English. Direct eye contact leads to understanding, or, as the English saying goes, seeing
eye-to-eye. We can never see eye-to-eye with a native speaker of English until we have learned to look directly into his eyes.
语言好像文化中非常复杂而奇妙的各种器官。在各文化中，语言包含了最快捷，最有效的沟通手段。要学习一门外语就是学习另一种文化。用一个诗人兼哲学家的话说 "一个人能说多少种语言，他就能体验多少种生活。文化与语言的关系如同就大脑与身体，是必要的。其中一个是另一个的一部分，没有了另一个，任何一方都不能正常运行。学习一门外语，最好先从语言的非语言因素开始学。比如手势，肢体语言等等。在英国，眼睛接触是非常重要的。直接的眼睛接触会带来理解，正如英语有句俗话说 ：意见相同。 我们学会直视某人的眼睛，这样才能与说英语的本国人保持意见一致。
(1)、The best title for this passage is Language and Culture.
这篇文章最好的题目是，语言与文化。
A：T B：F 答案：A
(2)、According to this passage, the only way to learn a foreign language is to begin by learning its A：T B：F 答案：B
(3)、According to this passage, gestures are pictures in a language.
根据这篇文章，手势是语言中的图片。
A：T B：F答案：B
(4)、To learn a foreign language is to learn another culture. 学习一门外语就是学习另一种文化。 A：TB：F 答案：A
(5)、Direct eye contact leads to understanding in all cultures.
在所有的文化中，直接的眼睛交流带来的是相互理解。
A：TB：F 答案：B
3、Oil is so important that it is sometimes called "black gold". Almost half of our energy comes from oil. We use it to run our cars and factories and to heat our homes, offices and schools. Many everyday things are made from oil. Your shirt may have oil in the material. The soap you wash your hands with might also be made from oil. Your favorite plastic toy is made from oil.
Oil is hard to find, because it is trapped deep under the earth. Once the only way people knew body language.根据这篇文章，学习外语的唯一途径是从学习肢体语言开始 。
there was oil someplace if it leaked out of the ground. Today, however, we have many ways of finding oil. One tool measures the pull of gravity. Places where gravity is weaker are more likely to have oil. Another tool is sound waves. Sound waves travel through different kinds of rocks at different speeds. We can use them to find the rocks that have oil in them.
We need a lot of oil, and we are using up the oil wells we know about. Soon we must find new ways of looking for this "black gold".
石油非常重要，它有时候被称为“黑金”。我们大概一半的能源来自于石油。我们用它来驱动汽车，运转工厂，为我们的家，办公室和学校供暖。许多日常的东西都由石油制造。你T恤的材料里就可能有石油。你用来洗手的肥皂也可能来自于石油。你最喜欢的塑料玩具是石油做的。
石油很难发现，因为它藏在地下深处。曾经，人们知道哪里有石油的唯一途径是看它从哪里冒出来。现在，我们有各种方法去探测石油。其中一种方法是测量地心引力。地心引力微弱的地方更有可能有石油。另外一种方法是测声波。声波在不同介质中的传播速度不一样。我们可以利用这个性质来发现藏有石油的矿石。
我们需要很多石油，可是我们已探明的油井正在枯竭。我们需要赶紧发现新的寻找“黑金”的方法。
(1)、From this passage, we can know oil is a source of energy. 由短文可知，石油是一种能源。
A：T B：F 答案：A
(2)、According to the passage, we can tell that oil is found only under water.
由短文可知，石油只藏在水里。
A：T B：F 答案：B
(3)、Sound waves travel through different kinds of rocks at different speeds.
声波在不同的矿石里传播速度不一样。
A：T B：F 答案：A
(4)、Many things are made from oil. 许多东西都是由石油做成的。
A：T B：F 答案：A
(5)、The main idea of the whole story is that oil is important for us but hard to find.
本文主旨是：石油对我们很重要而且很难发现。
A：T B：F 答案：A
4、 An English traveler found himself in Norway with only enough money to buy the ticket for his journey back home. As he knew that it would take him only two days to get to England, he
decided that he could easily spend the time without food. So he bought a ticket and got on the ship. The man closed his ears to the sound of the lunch bell. When dinnertime came, he didn't go to dinning room, saying that he was not feeling very well.
The next morning he still didn't have breakfast and at lunchtime he again stayed in his room. But at dinnertime he was so hungry that he went to the dinning room and ate everything the waiter put in front of him. He got ready for the quarrel.
"Bring me the bill," he said. "The bill, sir?" said the waiter in surprise. "There isn't any bill. On our ship meals are included (包括) in the money for the ticket," said the waiter.
一个在挪威的英国旅行者发现他的钱只够买张回家的票了。他知道回英国的路程只要两
天，于是认为可以轻而易举的不吃东西度过这两时间。他就这么买票上了船。他装作没听见午餐铃。晚餐的时候他说自己不舒服。
第二天早晨他也没吃饭，午餐时也留在了自己的房间。但是晚餐的时候他实在饿极了，跑到餐厅把服务员放在他面前的所有东西都给吃了。他准备好吵场架了。
“给我账单。”他说。“账单，先生？”服务员很奇怪的说，“没有账单，我们的船票就已经含了餐费了。”服务员说。
(1)、The story happened on a ship from Norway to England.
故事发生在从挪威去英格兰的船上。
A：T B：F 答案：A
(2)、The traveler didn't go to the dinning room first, because he had no money.
旅行者开始没有去餐厅，因为他没钱。
A：T B：F 答案：A
(3)、The traveler went to the dinning room to eat something because his friend had given him some
money. 旅行者去吃东西是因为朋友给了他钱。
A：T B：F 答案：B
(4)、The traveler had two meals on the ship. 旅行者在船上吃了两餐。
A：T B：F 答案：B
(5)、After the traveler finished eating, he came to know
A：T B：F答案：A
5、A story is told about a soldier who was finally coming home after having fought in Vietnam. He called his parents from San Francisco. "Mom and Dad, I'm coming home, but I've a favor to ask. I have a friend. I'd like to bring him home with me."
"Sure," they replied, "we'd love to meet him."
"There's something you should know," the son continued, "he was injured pretty badly in the fighting. He stepped on a land mine（地雷） and lost an arm and a leg. He has nowhere else to go, and I want him to live with us."
"We're sorry to hear that, son. But, maybe we can help him find somewhere to live.""No, Mom and Dad, I want him to live with us."
"Son," said the father, "you don't know what you're asking. Someone with such a handicap would be a terrible burden to us. We have our own lives to live, and we can't let something like this interfere with our lives. I think you should just come home and forget about this guy. He'll find a way to live on his own."
At that point, the son hung up the phone. The parents heard nothing more from him. A few days later, however, they received a call from the San Francisco police. Their son had died after falling from a building. The police believed he had killed himself.
The grief-stricken（悲痛欲绝的） parents flew to San Francisco and were taken to the city morgue（太平间） to identify the body of their son. They recognized him, but to their horror they also discovered something they didn't know, their son had only one arm and one leg.
一个关于参加过越战并且生还的士兵的故事， 他在旧金山给他的父母打了个电话。妈
妈、爸爸， 我在回家的路上，但是我想请求你们帮个忙，我有一个朋友， 我想带他一起回家。“当然可以”，他们回答， 我们希望能见见他。
有些事情你们必须知道，儿子继续说， 在战争中他受了严重的伤， 他踩到了地雷，失去了一支胳膊和一条腿。他没有地方可去，我希望他能和我们生活在一起。我很遗憾听到这些，儿子，也许我们能帮助他找到其它的一些地方去生活。不， 妈妈爸爸， 我希望他能和我们生活在一起。
儿子， 爸爸说， 你不知道你在说什么。一个有这样残疾的人对于我们来讲是一个很严重的负担。 我们有自己的方式去生活， 我们不能让类似于这样的事情干扰我们的生活。 我觉得你应该直接回家， 不要管这个人了。 他会找到自己生活的方式的。这时，儿子挂了电话， 父母再也听不到他的声音了， 然而过了一些天， 他们接到了旧金山警察的电话。 他们被告知，他们的儿子坠楼死亡了。警察认为是自杀。 悲痛欲绝的父母坐飞机到旧金山然后被带到太平间去确认他们的儿子的尸体。 他们认出了他， 令他们惊诧的是他们也发现了一些他们不知道的事情， 他们的儿子只有一条胳膊一条腿。
(1)、The soldier called his parents from San Francisco after having fought in Vietnam. 越南战争之后，这位战士在旧金山给他的父母打电话。
A：T B：F答案：A
(2)、The soldier told his parents that he wanted them to meet his friend in the army.
这位战士告诉他的父母，他想让他们见见他军队里的朋友。
A：T B：F答案：B
(3)、His father considered his plan unacceptable. 他的父亲认为他的计划是不可行的。
A：T B：F 答案：A
(4)、A few days later the parents were told by the police that their son had killed himself.几天之后，警察告诉他父母，他们的儿子自杀了。
A：T B：F 答案：A
(5)、The son killed himself because he was unable to find a job.
这个儿子自杀是因为他找不到一份工作。
A：T B：F 答案：B
6、Background music may seem harmless, but it can have a powerful effect on those who hear it. Recorded background music first found its way into factories, shops and restaurants in the USA. Very soon it spread to other parts of the world. Now it is becoming difficult to go shopping or eat a meal without listening to background music.
To begin with, background music was intended simply to create a soothing （舒适的） atmosphere. Recently, however, it's becoming a big business. An American marketing expert has shown that music can boost（提升） sales or increase factory production by as much as a third.
But it has to be the light music. Lively music has no effect at all on sales. Slow music can increase receipts（收入） by 34%. This is probably because shoppers slow down and have more opportunity to spot items they would like to buy. Yet, slow music isn't always the answer. The expert found that in restaurants slow music meant customers took longer to eat their meals, which reduced overall sales. So restaurant owners might be well advised to play faster music to keep the customers moving－unless, of course, the resulting indigestion（消化不良） leads to complaints.