篇一：定稿 labview毕业设计
基于LabVIEW的图像分割程序设计
[摘要] 现在图像处理技术已经应用于多个领域当中，其中，纸币识别，车牌识
别，文字识别和指纹识别已为大家所熟悉。图像分割是一种重要的图像技术,它不仅得到了人们的广泛重视和研究,也在实际中得到了大量的应用。它是处理图像的基本问题之一，是图像处理图像分析的关键步骤。图像识别的基础是图像分割，其作用是把反映物体真实情况的，占据不同区域的，具有不同性质的目标区分开来，并形成数字特性。关于图像分割的方法已有上千种，本文将介绍几种主流的方法，并分析各自的特性，利用LabVIEW平台实现两种阈值方法分割图像，展现实验现象，比较两种方法的处理结果。
[关键词] 图像分割 阈值法 大津法 双峰法 LabVIEW
The program designing of image segmentation based on LabVIEW
[Abstract] Image processing technology has been used in many fields, the banknote recognition, license plate recognition, character recognition and fingerprint recognition has been familiar to everyone. Image segmentation is an important image technology, people not only attach importance to it and research it，but also use it in many place. It is one of the basic problems of the image processing, and it is a key step of the image processing image analysis. The image recognition based on image segmentation, the function of which is making a distinction between the area of object's real situation,the area in different places and the area with different characteristic and forming a digital characteristic. There are thousands of methods of image segmentation, this article will introduce several mainstream method, and analyze their respective characteristics, use this two ways to make image segmentation with LabVIEW，and show the phenomenon of experiment，campare the treatment result of the two methods.
[Keyword] Image segmentation Threshold OTSU bimoda LabVIEW
引言................................................................ 1
1 图像分割论述...................................................... 2
1.1 图像分割的定义 .............................................. 2
1.2 图像分割方法综述 ............................................ 3
1.2.1 边缘检测法............................................ 3
1.2.2 阈值分割法............................................ 5
1.2.3 基于区域的分割.........(转载自：www.xiaocaOfaNWen.com 小草 范 文 网:labview毕业设计)................................ 5
2 图像阈值分割算法.................................................. 6
2.1 阈值分割算法简述 ............................................ 6
2.2 全局阈值算法 ................................................ 7
2.3 自适应阈值算法 .............................................. 9
2.4 最小误差阈值 ............................................... 10
2.5 最大类间方差算法 ........................................... 10
3 图像分割实验结果及实现平台介绍................................... 11
3.1 LabVIEW简述................................................ 11
3.2 LabVIEW的应用.............................................. 12
3.3 VI设计.................................................... 14
3.3.1 双峰法选取阈值........................................ 16
3.3.2大津法选取阈值 ........................................ 17
3.4实验结果比较总结............................................ 17
结论............................................................... 20
致谢............................................................... 21
[参考文献]......................................................... 22
图像技术在广义上是各种与图像有关技术的总称。图像技术种类很多，跨度很大，但可以将它们归在一个整体框架—图像工程之下。图像工程是一个对整个图像领域进行研究应用的新学科，它的内容非常丰富，根据抽象程度和研究方法的不同可以分为3个各种特点的层次：图像处理，图像分析和图像理解。
在一幅图像中，人们往往只对其中的某些目标感兴趣，这些目标通常占据一定的区域，并且在某些特性（如灰度、轮廓、颜色和纹理等）上和周围的图像有差别。图像识别的基础是图像分割，其作用是把反映物体真实情况的，占据不同区域的，具有不同特性的目标区分开来，并形成数字特性。图像分割是图像识别和图像理解的基本前提步骤，图像分割质量的好坏直接影响后续图像处理的效果，甚至决定其成败，因此，图像分割的作用是至关重要的。
虚拟仪器技术是基于计算机的仪器及测量技术。与传统仪器技术不同，虚拟仪器技术指在包含数据采集设备的通用计算机平台上，根据需求可以高效率地构建起形形色色的测量系统。对大多数用户而言，主要的工作变成了软件设计。虚拟仪器技术突破了传统仪器的局限，可以将许多信号处理的方法方便地应用于测量中，并且为自动测量和网络化测量创造条件。早期的虚拟仪器技术主要用于军事、航空、航天等领域和科研院所，现在已经越来越多地出现在工厂及其他民用场合。LabVIEW则是美国国家仪器公司（National Instruments）所提供的虚拟仪器开发平台。与大多数程序语言不同，LabVIEW是一个图形化的编程环境，编程的过程不是写代码，而是“流程图”。LabVIEW的使用者是各个领域的工程技术人员，而非计算机专业人员。LabVIEW将使用者从烦琐的程序设计中解放出来，而将注意力集中在测量等物理问题本身。
LabVIEW除了在工业领域作为测量仪器外，还拥有强大的图像处理功能，它可以外挂专有的“图像处理包”，或者调用Matlab来实现图像处理的功能，但前者需要单独购买，且不方便修改，后者则需要安装Matlab，而直接通过LabVIEW设计VI实现则方面修改。本课题将介绍主要几种图像分割的方法，仔细研究其中两种阈值分割的算法，通过直接设计VI来实现阈值图像分割的功能，令LabVIEW也能够进行一些图像处理的任务，使得LabVIEW更加强大。
1 图像分割论述
1.1 图像分割的定义
图像分割是指将一幅图像分解为若干互不交叠的,有意义的，具有相同性质的区域。好的图像分割应具备以下特征：
（1） 分割出来的各区域对某种特性（如灰度和纹理）而言具有相似性，区域内
部是连通的且没有过多小孔。
（2） 相邻区域对分割所依据的性质有明显的性质。
（3） 区域边界是明确的。
大多数图像分割方法只是部分满足上述特征。如果强调分割区域的同性质约束，则分割区域很容易产生大量小孔和不规整边缘；若强调不同区域间性质差异的显著性，则容易造成不同区域的合并。具体处理时，不同的图像分割方法总是在各种约束条件之间寻找一种合理的平衡。
图像分割更形式化的定义如下：
假设一幅图像中所有像素的集合为F，有关一致性的假设为P(·)。把F划分为n个满足下述4项条件的子集{S1，S2，?，Sn}（Si是连通区域）的过程定义为图像分割：
（1）?Si?F，分割是完全的，图像中的每一像素必须归属于一个区域。
j?1n
（2）Si?Sj??，i?j，分割出的不同区域是不相交的。
（3）P(Si)=true，?j，分割出的每个区域的像素具有一致的特性。
（4）P(Si?Sj)=false，i?j，分割出的不同区域的像素不具有一致的特性。
[1]
实际的图像处理和分析都是面向某种应用的，所以上述条件中的各种关系也要视具体情况而定。目前，还没有一种通用的方法可以很好地兼顾这些约束条件，也没有一种通用的方法可以完成不同的图像分割任务。原因在于实际的图像是千差万别的，还有一个重要原因在于图像数据的下降，包括图像在获取和传输过程引入的各种噪声以及光照不均匀等因素。到目前为止，对图像分割的好坏和评价
篇二：基于Labview的信号发生器设计毕业论文
毕业设计(论文)
题 目：
基于虚拟仪器的信号发生器设计
学生姓名 学 号 专业班级分院（系） 指导教师（职称）
2010年 6 月
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本人谨此承诺，本人所写毕业设计（论文）均由本人独立撰写，无任何抄袭行为。凡涉及他人的观点材料，均作了注释。如出现抄袭或侵犯他人知识产权的情况，愿承担由此引起的任何责任，并接受相应的处分。
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浙江工业大学之江学院毕业设计（论文） 中文摘要
基于虚拟仪器的信号发生器设计
【摘要】虚拟仪器是将仪器技术、计算机技术、总线技术和软件技术紧密的融合在一起，利用计算机强大的数字处理能力实现仪器的大部分功能，打破了传统仪器的框架，形成的一种新的仪器模式。
本设计采用USB6211数据采集卡，将虚拟仪器技术用于信号发生器的设计。该系统具有生成正弦波、方波、三角波、锯齿波及PWM波的功能。
本文首先概述了信号发生器及虚拟仪器技术在国内外的发展及趋势，然后介绍了信号发生器的相关理论，给出了信号发生器的基本原理框图，并探讨了虚拟仪器的总线及其标准、框架结构、LABVIEW开发平台。在分析本系统功能需求的基础上，介绍了数据采集卡、LABVIEW的编程模式等设计中所涉及到的硬件和技术。
本设计是虚拟仪器模拟真实仪器的尝试。实践证明虚拟仪器是一种优秀的解决方案，能够实现各种硬件可以完成的任务。
【关键词】 虚拟仪器，数据采集卡，信号发生器，LABVIEW
I
浙江工业大学之江学院毕业设计（论文）英文摘要
The design of signal generator based on virtual instrument
【Abstract】Virtual instrument is formed by the instrument technology, computer technology, bus technology and software technology. Powerful digital processing’s ability of computer is used to achieve the main functions of instrument. Virtual instrument broke the framework of the traditional instruments, and built a new device model. This design uses USB6211 data acquisition card. The virtual instrument technology has been utilized in the design of signal generator. The system has ability to produce sine wave, square wave, and triangle wave, saw tooth wave and PWM wave. This article summarizes the development and trend of the signal generator and virtual instrument at home and abroad at first. And then introduces the theory of signal generator, gives a basic block diagram of signal generator, also the frame structure and LABVIEW development platform of the virtual instrument with the inquiry of the bus’s standard. Based on the analysis of this system’s functional requirements, this article introduces the hardware and technology which involved in design of the data acquisition card and the LABVIEW’s programming modes.The design is an attempt of virtual instrument to simulate the reality instrument. It shows the virtual instrument is an excellent solution to achieve the task which is achieved by traditional hardware in the past.
【Key Words】 Virtual Instruments， Data Acquisition Cards， Signal Generators， LABVIEW
II
浙江工业大学之江学院毕业设计（论文）目录
目 录
1 绪 论 ········································································································· 1
1.1 引言 ························································································································· 1
1.1.1 信号发生器的发展····································································································· 1 1.1.2 虚拟仪器的发展趋势 ································································································· 2 1.1.3 课题的主要任务 ········································································································ 3
2 虚拟仪器 ··································································································· 4
2.1 虚拟仪器的概述 ····································································································· 4
2.1.1 虚拟仪器的特点及优势 ····························································································· 4 2.1.2 虚拟仪器与传统仪器的比较 ····················································································· 5 2.1.3 虚拟仪器系统的组成 ································································································· 6 2.1.4虚拟仪器I/O接口设备 ······························································································ 6 2.1.5虚拟仪器的软件结构 ·································································································· 8
2.2 虚拟仪器的开发软件 ····························································································· 8
2.2.1 虚拟仪器的开发语言 ································································································· 8 2.2.2图形化虚拟仪器开发平台——LABVIEW ································································· 9 2.2.3基于LABVIEW平台的虚拟仪器程序设计 ······························································· 9
2.3虚拟仪器的发展方向 ···························································································· 10
3系统设计的硬件平台 ··············································································· 12
3.1 PC机 ······················································································································ 12 3.2 数据采集卡的选择 ······························································································· 12
3.2.1数据采集卡的主要性能指标 ·····················································································12 3.2.2数据采集卡的组成 ····································································································13 3.2.3 USB6211 ····················································································································13
4 系统总体的设计及实现 ·········································································· 14
4.1 系统框架和设计流程 ··························································································· 14
4.1.1 程序框图的设计流程 ································································································14 4.1.2 系统设计 ···················································································································14
4.2 系统具体应用程序 ······························································································· 15
4.2.1 程序框图的具体设计步骤 ························································································15 4.2.2 基本波形信号发生器 ································································································17 4.2.3 PWM波信号发生器 ··································································································18
4.3 硬件连接调试 ······································································································· 19 4.4 整体程序的具体实现 ··························································································· 19
结 论 ··········································································································· 22
III
篇三：labview毕业设计 开题报告
设计（论文）题目：基于虚拟仪器的信号录波仪设计
信息工程系 系 别：_________________________
电气工程及其自动化 专 业：_________________________
姓名：_________________________
指 导 教 师：_________________________
辅 导 教 师：_________________________
2009年
3月5日
说明：文献综述栏目字数本科生不少于1000字，专科生不少于500字。