篇一：水污染与治理英文论文
The reasonable solution of water pollution in China
Author：李煜哲
Abstract：
This paper make a description and analysis about the present situation of water resources and pollution in our country, using the method of state governance, and puts forward personal views and opinions.
Key words:
Current situation， laws
Introduction
The national polluted water emissions increased by 31.5 billion tons in 1980 to 63.1 billion tons in 2002. Most urban groundwater polluted to some extent, and has a tendency to increase year by year. The use of the increasingly serious water pollution not only reduces the water functions, further aggravated the contradiction of water resource shortage, but also a serious threat to urban residents drinking water safety and health. For our life source being polluted, how should we respond?
1. The water resources and pollution situation in our country
1.1 Water resources situation in our country
From The first national water resources census bulletin，By the end of 2011,there are 45000 reasons basin area of 50 square kilometers above, total length of 1.5085 million km. There are 22900 reasons basin area of 100 square kilometers above. There are 2865 natural lakes water is greater than 1 square kilometers with a total area of 7.8 square kilometers. The country has about 98000 reservoirs, with a total capacity of 98000 cubic meters. The national total of 638900 lakes water inlet, the earth's surface and underground water source is respectively 1.17 and 1847.
China's per capita water resources is only 2100 cubic meters, only 28% of the world's per capita. In the northern region, water resource is very shortage, the Yellow River, huaihe river, haihe river three per capita water resources quantity respectively for the national average of only 30.1%, 21.6% and 12.9%.
China's per capita fresh water resources is only a quarter of the world's average, ranked 110 in the world, is one of the poorest countries in the world per capita water resources. Available water the presence of more than 400 cities in more than 600 cities has water supply shortage problem, the serious water shortage city more than 110, the national total water shortage of 6 billion cubic meters.
[2]
1.2 Situation of water pollution in China
China's top ten river basin water quality success rate is 2/3, Local water quality is worrying，overall，
Through years of efforts, we have improved water quality in China, the top ten overall for watershed water quality mild pollution, but at local area, the water quality of local water environment pollution is still serious. Recently published in domestic academic journal "science bulletin", according to an
article. Surface water contains 68 kinds of antibiotics in China, and the concentration is higher. There are 90 kinds of the antibiotic pharmaceutical ingredients being checconcentration is much higher than abroad. 90% of our country urban groundwater by different level of organic and inorganic pollution of poisonous and harmful pollutants, 70% of the pollution of river water system, more than 90% of the river pollution flows through the city.
2. reasonable solutions
On enhancing urban water supply water saving and water pollution prevention and control work Promulgated by the state council in 2000 point out that we should gradually change the past a drainage system, a single reservoir and a river water to the city water supply way, Take "library series more, drainage network, surface water and groundwater alignment, the optimized configuration of water resources".
2.1 Methods in our country at present
By the end of 2013, the total 3895 key projects, medium and small rivers Management River is 35000 kilometers long. By 2015, the project management of small and medium-sized rivers around 5000, governance river is 60000 kilometers long, can make the 340 million population and 330 million mu of farmland protected by flood control.
In order to ensure the river health life, implementing strict water management system in our country, defined the development and utilization of water resources, water use efficiency, water function area restriction, they use "three line":1. Set the limits of the total water 2. The red line to promote water-saving efficiency of water use 3. The red lines limit, protect water quality,
Expert introduction, the current "three line" index system of water resources to cover 95% of the local administrative region and more than 50% of the county administrative region, which means that the water resources management in the future will be more strictly: Strict management and protection of groundwater, the groundwater water withdrawal amount control and water level control.
Strict control into the lakes pollution gross, the position is beyond the water function area limits of the total area, limit for examination and approval of new water and sewage outlet into the rivers. [3]
2.2 Personal views
I think the best way to curb water pollution is in legislation and law enforcement supervision. The water pollution problem has to be reckoned with, because it has two characteristics: The first: concealment, imperceptible. Second: once the pollution, it is difficult to treatment and recovery. In the driven of the interests, pale the role of the propaganda work, to really stop water pollution phenomenon only can depends on the guarantee of law and law enforcement supervision. Therefore, a specific law to protect drinking water sources is fundamental. Strengthen the regulation of drinking water sources protection law enforcement is the important guarantee. To continue increasoing the intensity of law enforcement inspection, investigate seriously illegal threat to drinking water quality environment act.
For urban water conservation, I put forward the following Suggestions：First, optimize the urban layout and industrial structure, Second, increase the level and efficiency of utilization of the urban internal water cycle. Third, to strengthen the construction of urban water supply. Fourth, strengthen
the protection of urban water supply.
I believe that as long as there is a reasonable means and strict supervision legislation and a determined, the problem of water pollution can be effectively improve!
Reference：
[1]"The first national water resources census bulletin, March 26, 2013 [2], the People's Daily, on May 26, 2014, 09 edition [3] the Chinese environmental protection online
篇二：水污染英语作文
水污染英语作文
pring is tht best season of the year. The weather gets warmer and warmer. My clas i'amates and I took a one-day sightseeing around our city.The scene was pretty. But when we saw the rivers along our city, I felt very sorry, and thoughit a lot.
With the development of modern agriculture and industry, more and more waste water is being poured into rivers. It has caused serious pollution. The river is becoming so dirty that no living things can live in it. The river is giving off a terrible smell.
We make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation. Our government should start building various facilities such as sewage treatment!plant and encourage scientists to work out more and better ways to reduce the pollution of water.
Water is tho source of our lives. It is very important to protect water.
春天是一年中最好的季节，天气变得越来越暖和。我和我的同学们进行了一次环城一日游，所到之处景色宜人。但当我看到沿着城区流过的河流时，我感到很惋惜，想了很多。 随着现代工农业的发展，越来越多的污水排进河里，河水被严重污染。河水变得如此的肮脏以致于生物不能在里面生活。河水发出难闻的气味。
我们急切呼吁采取措施改变这种状况。政府应当建立各种设备，例如污水处理厂，并且鼓励科学家们想出更多更好的办法以减少水污染。
水是生命之源，保护水资源十分重要。
My classmates and I had an outing this spring. We had a good time. But meanwhile I noticed that water pollution in our city was becoming more and more serious.
On our way, we could see women washing clothes in the river. Litter was floating on the river. Waste water produced by a chemical factory was being discharged into the river. We did not see any fish in the river. The fiver was not so clear as before. Water quality was very bad. I am worried
about it because water is important to all living things. Man can not live without water. I hope people pay more attention to this problem, especially the government. Try to control the pollution of water as early as possible.
At last I would like to say, "To protect water is to protect life."
今年春天，我和我的同学去春游，我们玩得都很高兴。但同时，我也注意到我们城市的水污染变得越来越严重了。
沿途我们看到许多妇女在河边洗衣，河面上漂着垃圾，一家化工厂正将废水排入河中。河中看不到一条鱼，河水也不像从前那样清澈了，水质很差。对此我深感担忧，因为水对于所有生物都非常重要。没有水人类将无法生存。我希望人们能多关注这个问题，特别是政府部门，争取及早解决水污染问题。
最后，我想说“保护水就是保护生命。”
The Importance of Water
hello,my name is cui xuerong,today I'm going to talk about the importance of water.Water is very important for living things. Without water there can be no life on earth. All animals and plants need water. Man also needs water.
Water is found atmosteverywhere. Even in the driest part of the world there is some water in the air.
As we all have found out, water may be a solid, or a liquid or a gas.When it isa solid, it may be as hard as brick, When itis a liquid, you can pour it out of a container. When it is a gas, you cannot see or feel it.
Although about 70 percent of the earth's surface is covered with water, But with the rapid development of agriculture and industry, more and more water is needed. Therefore, water is becoming scarce in many places. What's more, a lot of rivers and lakes are beginning polluted by the waste watcr from factories. Fish can't live in them any longer. At the same time, thc waste water does great harm to people's health.
In order to make rivers and lakes clean and prevent water from being polluted,we must do something to stop all sorts of pollution.
翻译：
大家好，我是崔学荣，今天我要和大家谈一谈水的重要性。
水对生物很重要，没有水，地球上就没有生命。所有的动植物都需要水。人类也需要水。
水几乎无处不在。即使在世界上最干燥的地方，空气中也有水。
水，正如你所了解的，有固态、液态和气态。当它是固态时，它可以像砖一样硬；当它是液态时，你可以将它从容器中倒出；当它是气态时，你看不见或感觉不到它。
虽然地球表面70％是水覆盖着，但是随着工农业的迅速发展，水的需要量越来越大。因此，许多地方缺水。而且，许多河流湖泊被工厂排放的污水所污染，鱼不能生存。同时，废水给人们的健康带来极大的危害。
为了保持河流湖泊清洁，防止水污染，我们必须采取措施，阻止各种污染。
篇三：中英文文献翻译—中国的水污染
Water Pollution in China
As industrial development grows in both the urban and rural centers of China and water treatment facilities continue to be in dearth, surface and groundwater pollution is becoming increasingly severe. In 1994, the total volume of waste water in China was 40.82 billion tons, including 24.08 billion from industrial use and 4.3 billion tons from township and village enterprises (TVEs). This figure was 2.7 percent higher than in 1993. In addition, the chemical oxygen demand (the quantity of oxygen needed to oxidize pollutants into environmentally safe substances) increased by 9.4 percent, heavy metal increased by 4.7 percent, arsenic chemicals increased by 14.4 percent, cyanide increased by 2.8 percent and volatile phenols increased by 8.9 percent, while petroleum related pollutants declined 10.1 percent.
Although almost 75 percent of industrial waste water received some treatment that year, 3 percentage points higher than in 1993, only 40 percent of the treated waste water met China‘s waste water effluence standards.
Major River Basin Water Pollution :
Nearly every major river in China suffers from pollution. In a 1994 survey of seven of China‘s major river basins and 110 designated key sections of these rivers, only 32 percent of river water was found to meet the national standards for drinking water sources (classified as Class I and Class II). Major pollutants included ammonia oxide and toxic and organic chemicals. Currently, 24 percent of the Chinese population is said to be drinking very polluted water and 79 percent is drinking somewhat polluted water. The drinking water of nearly all cities located in a river‘s down stream also contain colon bacillus, a bacteria harmful to the human digestive system.
Ground and Underground Water:
Urban groundwater resources are generally polluted and are getting worse. In 1994, only 51 rivers out of 136 surveyed which pass through urban areas qualified for human use; 21 were suitable for drinking water purposes, 37 could be used only for industrial purposes and were unsafe for human body contact, and 17 could be used for agricultural irrigation. The main pollutants in urban groundwater are petrochemicals, volatile phenols, ammonia nitrous and mercury.
Urban underground water resources in major cities are over-extracted, especially in Taiyuan, Nanjing, Shijiazhuang, Suzhou, Datong, Tangshan, Baoding, Qingdao and Yantai. In 1994, the urban underground water quality in Urumqi, Nanchang, Chengdu, Dalian, Xiangfan and Benxi improved from the previous year, while that in Zhengzhou, Guiyang and Xinyang deteriorated.
Coastal Water Pollution:
China‘s coastline is 18,000 km long on the continent and 14,000 km on more than 6,000 islands. Coastal provinces account for 40.3 percent of the nation‘s population, and more than 473 million km2 of coastal water are under China‘s sovereignty, of which 2.81 million km2 are marine fisheries. Therefore coastal water pollution poses a serious problem for China and in many places, aquaculture has already been completely destroyed. The nitrogen and phosphorous content of nearly all coastal waters in China are higher than national standards; in some cases, the nutrient salt concentration exceeds the National Sea Water Quality Criteria. While the oil pollution in coastal waters decreased in 1994, it remains serious in the Pearl River estuaries, the Dalian Bay and the Jiaozhou Bay. The metal content, the chemical oxygen demand, and the Ph value remain at acceptable limits.
The primary cause of marine water pollution is the direct discharge of untreated industrial and municipal waste water. Shellfish, for example have been found to have a cadmium concentration that is more than 20 percent higher than national standards. In 1989, an outbreak of Hepatitis A occurred in Shanghai from seafood contaminated by sewage. Thirty-one people died and over 300,000 people had to undergo some sort of treatment, creating a nationwide scare of seafood. Nevertheless, water pollution continues to be a severe problem in coastal areas: in 1993, 50 percent of coastal shrimp farms had no yield.
Another relatively recent cause of coastal water pollution is the growing ship disassembling industry which began with China‘s reforms. The situation has been further aggravated by the lack of response to pollution and to industrial activities which discharge pollutants. For example, there was a large-scale oil spill in the waters near Panjin, Liaoning Province in 1993; however, no immediate rescue action was taken.
In addition to a lack of awareness, a dearth of funding for marine pollution monitoring facilities and staff has also curbed action. For example, China monitors coastal waters three times a year, every 100 km, whereas an optimum monitoring
system would require such monitoring tests once a week at check points of much closer distances.
The Government, however, has made some initiatives toward a marine protection effort. In 1984 it promulgated the Marine Environmental Protection Law under which the marine environmental monitoring system was set up. Marine protection studies and training programs have also been initiated. In 1994 and 1995, emphasis was put on the legal monitoring of waste dumps. In addition, China ratified the 1972 London Protocol of Forbidden Disposal of Radioactive Waste and Industrial Waste Over the Ocean, endorsed the East Asia Ocean Action Plan, and has recently outlined its management framework and action plan to control coastal water pollution.
Current Plans and Initiatives:
China plans to maintain industrial waste water discharges at 30 billion tons per year during the Ninth Five Year Plan period. The Plan stipulates that 84 percent of total industrial waste water should be treated, 50 percent of TVE waste water should be treated, and 20 percent of municipal waste water should be treated. In addition, in its Ninth Five Year Plan and its Trans-Century Green Engineering Program, China gave priority to cleaning up the following two rivers and three lakes.
The Huaihe River Basin is on top of the list. The Government expects to control the rising water pollution levels by 1997 and clean the river water by the year 2000. It has allocated $1.04 billion to realizing this target through the implementation of 177 projects.
中国的水污染
随着当工业发展增长，在中国的都市和农村中心，水处理设施一直很缺乏，表面和地水污染变得越来越严重，在1994年，总废物量水在中国是40.82 十亿吨，包括24.08十亿从工业用途和4.3十亿吨从乡镇企业(TVEs)。1993 年这个图高了2.7%。另外，化学氧需求(氧气的数量必要氧化污染物入环境安全物质)增加
9.4%，重金属增加了4.7%,砷化学制品增加14.4%，氰化物增加2.8%并且挥发性酚增加8.9%，当石油关系了污染物下降了10.1%。
虽然几乎75%的工业废料水接受了一年的治疗,比1993年高3个百分点,只有被对待40%的废水的符合了中国的废水effluence标准。
主要江河流域水污染
几乎每条主要河在中国遭受污染，在1994年勘测七条中国的主要江河流域和110选定了这些河的关键部分，只有32%的河水被发现符合全国标准为饮用水来源(被分类作为类I和类II)，其主要污染物包括氨氧化物和有毒性的有机化学制品。当前, 24%的中国人口被认为喝污染严重污水并且79%喝着这些污水。几乎所有城市饮用水位于河流流出下来并且包含冒号杆菌, 此细菌有害对人的消化系统。
地面和地下水
都市地下水资源被污染比一般的要更坏。1994 年，勘测的136条河中通过市区合格或适合人的使用的只有51条河; 21条是适用于为饮用水的, 37条能被使用只为工业目的和对人体健康有着不安全的关系, 并且17 能被使用为农业灌溉。主要污染物在都市地水里是石油化学制品、挥发性酚、氨亚硝酸和水银。
提取有地下水源在主要城市, 特别是在太原、南京、石家庄、苏州 、大同 、唐山、保定、青岛和烟台。1994 年，从去年都市地下水质在乌鲁木齐，南昌、成都、大连、襄樊改善了，郑州、贵阳和信阳恶化了。
沿海水域污染
在中国大陆的海岸线是18,000公里和14,000公里在超过6,000个海岛。沿海省占本地人口的40.3%，并且超过473万平方公里沿海水域是在中国的主权之下, 2.81万平方公里是海洋渔场所以在许多沿海水域提出一个严肃的污染问题, 水产养殖完全地已经被毁坏。在中国几乎所有沿海水域氮气和亚磷比全国标准高；在某些情况下，营养盐含量超出全国海水质量标准。1994 年当油污染在沿海水域里减少了，它依然是在珍珠河出海
海洋水污染的主要起因是直接放出未经治理的工业和市政废水。例如贝类，被发现超过比全国标准的镉含量的20%。1989年，在上海由海鲜被污水沾染引起的甲型肝炎爆发。有三十一个人死亡并且300,000个人必须接受某一类治疗，海