公共管理
当前位置:首页 > 论文范文 > 公共管理 > 列表页

公共管理课文翻译

小草范文网  发布于:2016-10-20  分类: 公共管理 手机版

篇一:《公共管理英语》课文翻译

《公共管理英语》翻译

第一章1Opening Administration to the Public

政务公开

Citizens of Bengbu City, Anhui Province, now have the opportunity to be a visitor at municipal government meetings, thanks to the government’s recent efforts to open its administration

公共管理课文翻译

-adopting the Measures for Inviting Citizens to Listen to the Administrative Meeting, which came into effect on December 16, 2001.得益于2001年11月16日生效的政府最近实施的邀请市民旁听政府会议的行政事务公开改革措施,安徽省蚌埠市的市民现在有机会参加市政府会议。

Ten citizens are invited to be present at each meeting on administrative affairs. The number of citizen listeners invited to very important meeting can vary. The listeners can be deputies to the city’s people’s congress, members of the local committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, personages of democratic, members of the Association of Industry and Commerce and others. They must be at least 18 years of age, and willingly to be a visitor at the meeting.每次行政事务会议邀请10名市民参加。邀请参加重要会议的人数是可以变化的。这些旁听者可以是人大代表、政协委员、民主党派的要员、工商联代表及其他。他们要至少18岁,并且愿意参加会议。

Listeners can air their opinions through the government office in a written form.旁听者可以通过政府部门以书面形式发表他们的意见。 Increasing Transparency增加透明度

On the basis of pilot project carried out in some cities and countries, Guangdong Province has asked its governments at or above country level to open their administrative affairs during the first half of this year.在部分城市和农村的基础上,今年的上半年,广东省已要求村及村以上的政府行政事务都要公开。

All affairs relating to laws and regulations and to administrative decisions that people must follow, as long as they do not involve secrets of the Party or the Central Government, should be open to the public, Contents are as follows:所有有关法律、规章和公民必须遵循的政府决定,只要不涉及政党和中央政府的机密,都要向公众公开。具体内容如下:

-Strategy of social and economic development, work targets and their accomplishments;经济社会发展战略,工作目标和它们的完成情况;

-Process for making big decisions and policies;重大决策和政策的主动过程;

—1—

-Financial budgets and implementation;财政预算和执行情况;

-Distribution and use of special funds and purchase of important materials;专用基金的分配和重要物资的购买;

-Major capital construction projects and their bidding;主要基本建设计划和它们的招投标;

-Items of public welfare invested by the government;政府投资的公共福利项目;

-Projects examined and approved by the government and their accomplishments;政府审批的项目及完成情况;

-The accomplishments of work the government promised to do for the public;政府向公众承 事项的完成情况;

-Law enforcement in relation to the interests and rights of citizens, legal persons and organizations;有关公民、法人、组织权益的法律实施;

-Handing of major incidents; 重大事件的处理;

-Selecting and appointing officials, employing public servants and appraising of model workers, transferring workers and staff members in institutional reforms and other issues of public concern; 官员的选拔任用,公务员的录用,先进工作者的评价,员工调动的原则改革及公众关心的其他问题;

-Administrative functions and the official duties; 政府机构的职能和官员的职责;

-Working content, conditions, procedures and timetable as well as the result; 工作内容、条件、流程和时间以及工作效果;

-Working principles, commitment and the way to sue promise-breaching activities, as well as investigation results of the cases. 工作原则,承担义务、对违反应承担义务的起诉方法及调查结果;

Apart from opening administrative affairs to society, various departments of the Guangdong Provincial Government have been required to open their internal system construction, work operations and management, specifically the self-discipline of officials; income and expenditure of the department; management of the human resources, distribution of income to workers and staff members as well as their welfare treatment; and other issues.除了向社会公开行政事务,广东省已经要求各政府部门公开机关内部结构,工作运转方式和管理情况,特别是官员的自律情况;部门的收入和经费开支情况,工作人员的收入分配和他们的福利待遇,以及其它事项。

Knowing government administration is one of people’s fundamental rights, and the opening of administrative information has become an indispensable part in the government’s administration. In the meantime, opening government administration is also a main principle of the WTO, listed on most of its documents. After China’s entry into the WTO, it was required to be better in this field. China’s transformat—2 —

ion of government functions lags behind that of its economic growth.了解政府的行政行为是公民基本权力之一,政务公开是政府的应尽的职责。公开行政信息是已经是政府管理中必不可少的部分。同时,政务公开也是WTO的一项主要原则,被列在WTO的大部分文件中。在中国加入WTO后,被要求在这方面做得更好。中国的政府职能转变落后于它的经济增长。

A fresh move the opening of government administration still needs improvement. Experts appealed to the state to place great importance on the issue by setting up special department to handle related affairs, and devising a law on opening government administrations.政务公开作为一项新举措仍需要改进。专家希望政府将其放在更重要位置,通过设置处理相关事务的专门部门,对政务公开进行立法。

Red-Title Document Open to the Public对公众公开红头文件

At the end of last year, the Beijing municipal government, located on Zhengyilu Road, placed a reception desk at the entrance of its west gate from Monday to Friday to receive citizens who come to the Beijing Municipal Government Bulletin. Since the bulletin opened to the public in early 2002, the telephone at the editorial office has kept ringing. Many of the calls come from Guangdong, Zhejiang, Heilongjiang provinces and Hong Kong SAR, inquiring about subscription procedures.在去年底,位于遵义路上的北京市政府,每周一到周五在其西大门入口处放置接待桌以接受市民来征订《北京市政府公告》。早在2002年政府公告向公众公开后,编辑部的电话就一直响着。许多电话来自广东、浙江、黑龙江和香港特区,来咨询征订程序。

The bulletin, which contains government regulations, administrative orders and decisions, is popularly known as a “red-title document” and is a mystery to most people, because it only reached leaders above bureau level in the past. 包括政府规章、行政命令和决定的公文过去常称为红头文件,对大多数人而言是神秘的,因为它过去只发到局级以上干部。

Wei Guiqin, director of the Beijing Huiyuan Law Office, is among the first to subscribe to the bulletin. “The public distribution of the bulletin helps us a lot in our job,” he said. 魏贵勤,北京惠元律师事务所所长,是第一批来征订公告的。他说:“公告的公开发行对我们的工作帮助很大。”

The government of many other provinces and cities have also opened their bulletins to the public, including Henan and Shanxi provinces, and cities such as Guangzhou, Wuhan, Qingdao and Yinchuan. The government of the bulletins are functionally the same as other official documents. 许多别的省市也已经向公众公布了公告,如河南、陕西,城市如广州、武汉、青岛和银川。政府公告与其它官方文件功能上是一样的。

Shanghai was the first city to open its bulletin to the public. Since the beginning of last year, the bulletins have been sent not only to major institutions and enterprises under the jurisdiction of the municipal government, but also to 100 selected newspaper and magazi

—3—

ne booths, 50 postal zones 50 Xinhua bookstores, where citizens can get them for free. The bulletins have attracted the attention of many people, most of whom are lawyers and accountants. 上海是第一个向公众公布了公告的城市。自去年初,公告不仅通过市政府正常渠道发送到主要公共机构和企业,还发送到经挑选产生的100个报刊亭、50个邮政亭、50个新华书店,在那里市民可以免费取得公告。公告已经引起许多公民的注意,其中大部分是律师和会计。

“Supermarket" of administrative Affairs政务超市

Five years ago, Huang Songji, a laid-off female employee in Nanjing, invesred 50000 yuan to set up a kindergarten. However, she was soon asked to close down, as she failed to follow relevant procedures. She sought assistance at the Supermarket of Administrative Affairs, and with guidance by the staff, Huang quickly obtained all necessary procedures. 五年前,黄松基,南京一名下岗女工,投资5 万元办了一个育儿园。然而,她很快被勒令关门,因为她没有履行相关手续。她在政务超市寻求帮助,在工作人员的帮助下,她很快办理了所有手续。

What is the Supermarket of Administrative Affairs and how effective is it? 什么是政务超市?它的效果如何?

The first supermarket was launched by the government of Xiaguan District, Nanjing City, in the residential communities of Xiaoshi and Rehenanlu on October 16, 2000. the government set up its offices in a big hall to handle various administrative affairs, including more than 40 services related to civil affairs, employment, municipal construction, economy, handing of complaints and law enforcement. It indeed has supermarket features of openness, efficiency and a variety of choice, hence the name, Supermarket of Administrative Affairs. Five other of residential quarters followed suit a year later. 第一个政务超市是2000年10月16日在南京下关区热河南路的小石居委会建立的。政府在一个大厅设置办公场所以解决多种行政事务,包括 种有关民政事务、劳动就业、市政建设、经济、投诉的处理和法律实施。它的确具有超市的开放、效率和多样化选择的特质,因此被称为政务超市。一年后另五个居民区的政务超市随之成立。

The supermarket practices a responsibility system to solve problems, and serve clients. In addition, supervision and feedback procedures have also been adopted. The system, which enables citizens to learn about government administrative affairs, contributes to the government’s effort to open administrative affairs. Sun Wei, a “supermarket” staff member, said that in the past, policies were locked in the office drawer. Now they are placed on the wall, clearly indicating problems and possible timelines for their solution. Furthermore, the telephone number to contact in cases of complaint against the behavior of “supermarket” employees is also available to the public. Employees subject to customer complaints are given three chances, and penalties include criticism the first time, bonus deduotion the second time,—4 —

and dismissal the third time. 政务超市提供了一个解决问题、服务委托人的负责任的系统。另外,监督和反馈程序已经被采用。这个能够使公众了解政府行政事务的系统,归功于政府的政务公开。孙伟,一名“政务超市”的工作人员说,在过去政策是被锁在办公室的抽屉里。现在是挂在墙上,清楚地标明问题和解决这些问题的时间。更重要的是,针对政务超市工作人员的投诉电话是向公众公开的。工作人员有三次被客户投诉的机会,处罚包括第一次批评,第二次扣奖金,第三次解雇。

Since district government powers have been transferred to the “supermarket”, the service items are wider than those formerly offered by the residential community, such as the approval of small loans to help the poor and victims of natural disasters; handling applications for subsidies if their living standards is below the poverty line; granting licenses to small restaurants; leasing newspaper booths and registering the unemployed. Apart from these services, the “supermarket” has also set up a training room, a law consultation room and a suggestion box, as well as a telephone hotline to answer questions. In addition, government leaders regularly visit the “supermarket” to interact with the public in person. 自从地方行政权力转到“超市”,服务项目比过去居委会提供的范围更大了,如对贫困户和突发自然灾害的小额贷款的审批,受理低保补助申请,小酒店许可证的核发,报刊摊位的出租和失业登记。除了这些服务,“超市”还提供一个服务间,一个咨询室和意见箱,一部回答问题的热线电话。另外,政府领导定期到“超市”同公众面对面交流。

Many citizens have expressed their satisfaction with the “supermarket”. 许多市民对“超市”表示满意。

“It quickly solves problems, and shortens the psychological distance between leaders and the masses. Surveys recently conducted in five ‘supermarkets’ indicated that citizens are satisfied with measures,” said Xu Xuwqin, who is in charge of the publicity of the Xiaguan residential community. “它很快解决问题,缩短了领导和群众之间的心理距离。对五个“超市”的调查表明群众对这些措施是满意的”许学琴,一名居委会宣传部门负责人说。

The “supermarket” of administrative service in Nanjing has exerted a positive influence to the entire country. Similar supermarkets have opened in Shenyang, Shanghai and Fuzhou. 南京这种行政服务“超市”已经在整个国家产生了正面的影响。在沈阳、上海和福州都建了类似的超市。

The “supermarket” in Shanghai, known as the Center of Residential Affairs, now has 80 branches in the entire city, offering more than 50 services. A civil affairs official said that in the next three years, every community and town would set up such as a “supermarket” to form a network covering the entire area. 上海的“超市”,作为居民事

—5—

篇二:公共管理英语各单元全文翻译

Unit 1

Opening Administration to the Public

Citizens of Bengbu City, Anhui Province, now have the opportunity to be a visitor at municipal(市政的) government meetings, thanks to the government's recent efforts to open its administration-adopting the Measures for Inviting Citizens to listen to the Administrative Meeting, which (生效,实施)on December 16, 2001. 安徽省蚌埠市的群众现在有机会出席旁听市政府的召开的会议了,这主要是得益于市政府最近采用并制定的开放式行政管理的措施而邀请市民出席旁听政府的一些行政管理方面的会议。

Ten citizens are invited to be present at each meeting on administrative affairs行政事务. The number of citizen listeners invited to very important meeting can vary. The listeners can be deputies(代表) to the city's people's congress, members of the local committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, personages(要人,名流) of democratic parties, members of the Association of Industry and Commerce and others. They must be at least 18 years of age, and willingly to be a visitor at the meeting.邀请出席每一次行政事务会议旁听的市民,受邀旁听市民的人数是根据会议的重要程度而定的。旁听者可能是市人大代表、政协委员、民主党派成员、工商企业协会的成员和其他人士等等。应邀旁听人员必须年满18岁,并且愿意出席旁听。

Listeners can (通过??发表意见)the government office in a written form.旁听者可以以书面的方式向政府的有关部门反映他们的意见。

Increasing Transparency增加透明度

On the basis of (饮水工程) carried out in some cities and countries, Guangdong Province has asked its governments at or above county level to open their administrative affairs during the first half of this year.在一些城市和国家落实贯彻解决群众饮水的问题,广东省要求县以上的各级政府在今年上半年里落实让群众旁听政府组织召开的行政事务会议的制度。

All affairs relating to laws and regulations and to administrative decisions that people must follow, as long as they do not involve secrets of the Party or the Central Government, should be open to the public. Contents are as follows: 只要不涉及到党和政府的机密,所有要求老百姓遵照执行的法律法规、行政决定等事务性会议,都应该向老百姓公开。具体可以公开的会议如下:

--Strategy of social and economic development, work targets and their accomplishment政绩 ;

--Process for making big decisions and policies;

--Financial budgets财政预算 and implementation实施、实行

--Distribution and use of special funds and the purchase of important materials ;

--Major capital construction projects and their bidding;(重大资金建设项目)

--Items of public welfare invested by the government;

--Projects examined and approved by the government and their accomplishments;

--The accomplishments of work the government promised to do for the public;

--Law enforcement in relation to the interests and rights of citizens, legal persons and organizations;(与各种机构与法人、市民的利益与权利相关法律的颁布)

--Handling of major incidents;(重大事件的处理)

--Selecting and appointing officials, employing public servants and appraising of model workers, transferring workers and staff members in institutional reforms and other issues of public concern; 推选与委任政府官员、录用公务员与评选先进人物,体制改革过程中人员的调动以及其他公众所关心的事件;

--Administrative functions and the official duties; 管理职能以及官方的责任

--Working content, conditions, procedures and timetable as well as the result;

--Working principles, commitment and the way to 讼) activities, as well as the investigation results of the cases.

Apart from opening administrative affairs to society, various departments of the Guangdong Provincial Government have been required to open their internal system construction, work operations and management, specifically the self-discipline(自律) of officials; income and expenditure of the department; management of human resources, distribution of income to workers and staff members as well as their welfare treatment; and other issues.

Knowing government administration is one of people's fundamental rights, and the opening of administrative affairs is the obligation义务、责任 of the government. The rule to open administrative information has become an indispensable part in the government's administration. In the meantime, opening government administration is also a main principle of the WTO, listed on most of its documents. After China's entry into the WTO, it was required to do better in this field. China's transformation of government functions that of its economic growth.

A fresh move, the opening of government administration still needs improvement. Experts the state to place great importance on the issue by setting up special department to handle related affairs, and devising (制定)a law on opening government administrations. 第一篇:开放式的公众管理

感谢政府日前的开放其行政管理的努力,邀请市民旁听行政会议的建议被采纳并且在2001年12月16日得到落实,安徽省蚌埠市的公民现在有机会出席参

加市政府会议。 十位公民受邀请参加出席了公众管理事务的每一次会议。受邀参加这些重要会议的公民旁听者的数目是不同的。这些旁听者可以是市人民代表大会的代表,中国人民政治协商会议当地委员会的成员,民主党派人士,工商联合会的成员和其他人员。他们必须年满18周岁并且愿意出席此种会议。

这些旁听者可以以书面形式向市政府办公室提出自己的见解。

越来越高的透明度

在某些城市和乡村开展的飞行员计划的基础上,广东省要求县级及县级以上政府在今年前半年开放其行政事务的管理。

只要无关党和中央政府的国家机密,有关法律、规章制度和要求所有人遵守的行政决议的每一事务都应该向公众开放。具体如下:

-社会、经济发展、工作目标及其具体实施的策略;

-制定重大方针政策的程序;

-财政预算及其执行;

-特别基金和重要物资购买的分配和使用;

-主要建设工程的资本和招标;

-政府向公众的承诺及其执行实施;

-有关公民、法人和组织的利益及权利的法律执行;

-主要事件的处理情况;

篇三:公共管理专业英语第二单元课文翻译

Lesson 2 The Managerial Approach to Public Administration

公共管理涉及一系列复杂的关系和函数。毫不奇怪,因此,作为一个学科或身体或理论,公共管理缺乏连贯性。公共管理包含三个比较明显的方法生长出不同的角度对其功能。有些人认为这是一个管理的努力,类似的做法在私人部门。其他人,强调“公共性”的公共管理,强调其政治方面。还有人指出,主权的重要性,宪法,并规定在公共管理,把它视为一个明显的法律问题。每个这些办法往往强调不同的价值,程序和结构安排的公共行政活动,每一个意见,市民在一个非常不同的方式,和各采用不同的角度对如何发展知识。进一步复杂的是,管理方法有2个亚群:传统(或传统)公共管理与当代改革故宫*。记住,这些做法是嵌入在我们的政治文化。它们反映了宪法权力分立和分配职能的不同分支。管理方法与行政机构的利益,忠实执行或执行法律。政治态度与立法决策问题。法律方法侧重于政府的审判职能,致力于维护宪法权利和法治。

一旦我们已经提出的依据这三个广泛的办法,广泛的管理,我们将完成我们的定义的讨论。我们可以把一个如何解释每个人提出的各种活动的当代公共管理。

公共行政的管理办法

那些定义公共行政管理方面,以高效率的方法它往往以尽量减少之间的公共和私人管理的区别。在他们看来,公共管理基本上是一样的大企业,应当是按照同样的管理原则和价值观。这一观点根深蒂固的某些部分的美国社会,是经常发现在选修的政治领袖,往往对政治的影响行使公务员*这是不寻常的总统选举的候选人不强调所谓的能力,“管理”的联邦官僚机构并使其更有效和经济。州长和市长候选人经常吹嘘他们的管理技能以及*。

今天,那些谁看公共行政管理分为2组。传统主义者所取代正在改革者呼吁“重塑政府“发展”。故宫是取代传统的方法在几个联邦机构,国家和地方政府。它也很强,在其他一些国家,包括英国,澳大利亚,新西兰,和斯堪的纳维亚国家。然而,今天的公共管理学生应该熟悉。每一个在一些组织和司法管辖区。

传统的管理办法,公共管理

根的传统管理方式回到19世纪公务员改革者谁首先促进方法为手段的公共服务组织。改革者的主诉,政治任命的公共服务在各级政府领导的腐败,效率低下,并出现一类政治家——“spoilsmen *,“因为他们经常被称为——谁是根本不适合领导这个国家。一个著名的历史学家1850坚持联邦服

务已成为由国家“拒绝”。在改革者们的观点,“文官改革要求,业务的一部分,政府应在健全务实的方式进行。它成为有效率,它已成为非政治性的。因此,任命是的基础上作出的“功德”和“健康”,而不是政治党派*。许多改革者认为公共雇员应被禁止参与政治选举,比其他投票。一旦政治被拒绝为基础或雇用和解雇公共管理者,改革者认为,选择和任职的公务员可以根据其效率和性能。

为了维持这一逻辑,改革者必须坚持绝大部分公共管理者没有合法的政治或决策函数。大部分的思维逻辑和传统管理方法依赖于存在一个政治行政二分法。伍德罗威尔逊总统*,从1913到1921,是一个强有力的支持者,公务员制度改革,在19世纪80年代,通常被认为是美国公共行政的思想意识的创始人。在他著名的1887篇论文,“行政的研究,”威尔逊写道,“政府在适当的政治领域。行政问题,不是政治问题。”而他们是因为管理问题,如威尔逊表示,公共管理是“一个业务领域。”

作为政治需要一定的价值,如代表性,那么管理业务;或。威尔逊也有影响力的在他的直接衔接这些:“这是行政管理研究的目的首先发现,政府可以适当地和成功地做,和,其次,如何能做到这些正确的事情以尽可能高的效率和最小可能的金钱和精力为代价。”换句话说,根据传统的管理办法,公共行政是对旨在最大限度地发挥效益,效率,经济

倡导有效率的公共管理最终成为正统或古典观点如何公共服务应运行。管理人员不是政客都在控制和效率,是被视为最终的“好,”“公理第一的价值表的管理。”政治被淘汰,因为它产生效率。此外,尽管越来越多的监管活动的公共服务:法律是不强调,伦纳德白的影响引入公共行政研究(1926)认为,“行政的研究应该从基础管理而不是法律的基础,并因此更专注于事务的美国管理协会在法院的决定。”从1910年到1940年代,世界性的“科学管理”的运动,工作的基础上弗雷德里克泰勒*,发达国家和倡导的前提下,有效的,高效的管理可以减少一套科学原理。针对批评这种做法,结果方面的行政价值观是“善”或“恶”的一个特定的组织模式是一个数学关系的输入到输出。”后者是最大的,前者减少,导致道德'好'。美德或'善'因此是等同的关系,这些因素,即,“效率”或“效率低下。”数学转化为道德。”浪费,通过效率低下,被认为是不道德的。

组织结构

为了最大限度地实现这些价值观,传统的管理方式促进组织结构普遍认定为官僚。这可能打击当代读者为奇数,因为今天官僚往往是作为同义词使用的低效率。我们将考虑复杂的原因,官僚组织往往发展效率。然而,它仍然是,许多的组织原则的目的是最大限度的单位投入产出。官僚强调需要有一个分工,使员工专注于完成一组给定的任务。专业化,使每个员工成为专家在他或她是做什么的,虽然工作的任何个人可能只有一小部分的总活动的组织。

专业化要求的协调,和官僚依赖于层次结构为此。层次结构创建一个权力链管理和协调工作分为按专业化的原则。层次,在毫米,要求项目和职能明确分配到具体的组织单位。否则会有重叠的部门可能促进冲突*。官僚组织也组织形式,其中阐明的职能和职责每个员工。职位分类是根据“科学”的原则和“组织成一个合理的计划。员工的选择是根据其能力以执行手头的任务,就是说,他们的优点。其他因素,如政治背景,种族,性别,不应予以考虑。”

针对个别

传统的管理办法,公共行政促进客观的观点的人。这是真的,无论是个人的问题是员工,客户,或“受害者”的公共行政机构。传统的方法很少考虑市民为客户。我们不需要去到目前为止最大最重要的分析师韦伯*,官僚主义,在考虑“非人化”是“德”的官僚或视为官僚的“齿轮”在组织上,他或她几乎没有控制。韦伯认为这是一个优势,因为它意味着官僚的“非理性”的情绪,不干预的官僚的工作绩效。这一观点是促进科学管理运动和传统管理方式,这往往使个体劳动者为附庸机械化生产方式。工人适应机器;不是机器设计适合个别工人的身体,心理,社会,和情感特质。1920年底,这一观点的员工清楚地体现在位置的原则分类*中的公共部门:“个人特征的员工占据应有的地位没有影响的分类位置。“强”的位置定位”的传统的管理办法,公共行政组织,其中的意见在形式结构而不是人类而言,减少的重要性,员工个人组织。

客户,也已被人格化,变成了案件,努力促进传统管理的效率价值,经济,和有效性。拉夫·解释:官僚机构是一个有效的手段处理大量的人。它将无法处理大量的人在他们的深度和复杂性。官僚政治是一种工具,找出什么是“相关”的任务,官僚机构成立。因此,只有那些事实在复杂的个人生活是相关的任务需要传达之间的个人和机构。

实现这种简化,现代官僚发明了”的情况。”在摄入水平的官僚机构,个人性格转化为例。只有一个人可以有资格作为一个案例,是他或她治疗的允许官僚。更准确的说,一个官僚不设立治疗或处理者”过程的“唯一”的案件。”

“受害者”的公共行政人员的活动可能是人格化的程度,他们被视为非人的,尤其是在暴力或胁迫受雇,因为,从历史上看,在公共精神卫生设施,监狱,与警察职能。

其他办法组织争辩说,依赖于客观往往会适得其反,因为它会产生功能障碍。然而,客观的观点的人是深深扎根于传统的管理方式和被认为是至关重要的效率最大化,经济,和有效性。

认知法

传统的管理方法强调科学方法的发展知识。其核心思想,公共管理可能是一个科学载于伍德罗威尔逊的1887征文。1926年底,伦纳德指出,公共行政是从艺术到科学,1937,卢瑟古利克和厄威克可以公布,最具影响力的论文,管理科学。致力于发展公共管理学科仍然strong-dominant在当代美国公共行政研究和奖学金。

在实践中,对公共管理作为一门科学促进发展的努力推广有关行政行为。这包括制定的假设,可测试经验。数据的收集,汇总,统计和分析。其基本定位是演绎推理;知识包括统计核查的概括,可以适用,谨慎,具体情况。

预算编制

传统管理方式的承诺的价值观念的效率,经济效益,科学,导致它有利于合理的预算编制制度。这些系统强调需要建立成本效益的考虑,在制定预算。最理想的是,这种情况下,如何分配资金的多种政府职能和在什么水平可确定的预期受益的费用。

决策

传统的管理方式也有利于合理的决定。基本上,它认为在公共行政决策应考虑所有可行的替代办法,全面,选择一个最符合成本效益。依靠科学知识,包括社会科学家,这种做法不利于公众广泛参与。

本文已影响