篇一：减震器毕业设计论文
毕业设计（论文）
减震器设计
摘要：在钻井作业中，由于井底凹凸不平造成钻头频繁跳转，如果钻头与钻铤直接连接，则整个钻蛀将于钻头一起加速上下运动，产生强烈的震动，破坏最优钻井条件，降低钻头和钻具寿命。甚至破坏钻井设备。液压减震器不同于单纯以硅油等液体为工作介质的液压减震器，亦不同于单纯采用减震弹簧作为弹性元件的机械减震器。该减震器是在二者的基础上，克服了单向减震器的缺点，集成二者的优点而研发的新型井下工具。它具有弹性刚度自动调节.连件强度高.性能稳定.工作可靠.工作寿命长等有点。
本文研究的主要主要内容有：对液压减震器的结构设计，结构设计主要是确定减振器的类型、布置形式、安装角度和选用数量，这是进行尺寸设计的基础。对液压减震器的尺寸设计，尺寸设计的过程主要包括相对阻尼系数以及最大卸荷力的确定，减振器工作缸、活塞、以及相关零部件的尺寸计算完成结构设计与尺寸设计后应对减振器的强度和稳定性进行校核，校核的结果应符合国家相关技术标准。 本文的研究成果对减振器的进一步研究有重要的理论和实际应用意义.
关键词：液压式； 减振器；液压缸
毕业设计（论文）
Shock absorber design
Abstract: In the drilling operation, due to the bottom hole uneven causing frequent jumps of the drill bit, drill bit and drill collars are directly connected, the entire borer will drill with accelerated up and down movement, produced a strong shock, destruction of the optimum drilling conditions, reduce drill and drill life. Even destruction of the drilling equipment. Hydraulic mechanical drill string shock absorber is different from the pure liquid silicone oil as the working medium hydraulic shock absorber, mechanical shock absorbers are also different from the simple shock absorber spring as an elastic element. The shock absorber is on the basis of the two, to overcome the shortcomings of the one-way shock absorber, to integrate the advantages of both the research and development of new down hole tools. It has automatic adjustment of the elastic stiffness. Even pieces intensity. Stable performance and reliable work. Long working life a little.
The main content of this study :The design to the structure of the gasification type shock absorber. It mainly determines the types of the shock absorber, layouts, the angle of installing and the quantity of selecting, these are the foundation of the designing of the sizes.The design to the size of the gasification type shock absorber. It includes relative damping coefficient, the determination of the biggest discharge strength, and the computing of the sizes of work cylinder, piston, connecting rod, valve and related spare parts.After completing the structural design and the designing of the sizes, the shock absorber intensity and the stability should be checked, the results should conform to the country related technical standards.
This study results have important theoretical and practical significance for further study of the shock absorber.
Key words: Hydraulic ;Shock absorber; Cylinder
毕业设计（论文）
目 录
1 绪 论 ······················································································· 1
1.1 选题的目的和意义 ···································································· 1
1.2 减振器的发展历史 ···································································· 1
1.3 减振器的分类 ·········································································· 2
1.4 液压减振器国内外发展状况和发展趋势 ········································ 3
1.5 研究的主要内容及方法 ······························································ 4 2 减振器的类型和工作原理 ·································································· 5
2.1减震器的类型与型号 ································································· 5
2.2减震器形式的选择 ··································································· 5
2.3 减振器的工作原理 ···································································· 6
2.4 减振器的结构.工作原理及优点 ···················································· 6
2.5 减震器的标准 ·········································································· 7
2.6 减震器的使用措施及注意事项····················································· 7 3 减震器的设计 ················································································· 9
3.1 减震器数据的选择 ···································································· 9
3.3 芯轴的设计与强度校核 ······························································ 11
3.4 上接头凸台校核 ······································································· 12
3.5 螺纹的选择 ············································································· 13
3.6 螺纹牙的强度校核 ···································································· 13
3.7 花键的设计与选择 ···································································· 16 4密封元件 ·························································································· 20
4.1 密封元件材质的设计和选用 ························································ 20
4.2 密封元件常用的材料 ································································· 20
4.3 密封盘根 ················································································ 24 5 液压减震器的使用方法 ······································································· 28
5.1 减震器在钻柱中的连接位置 ························································ 28
5.2 下井前的检查 ·········································································· 28
5.3 起钻后的检查 ·········································································· 28
5.4 注意事项 ················································································ 28
5.5 维修与试验 ············································································· 29
5.6 检查与维修 ············································································· 29
5.7 组装 ······················································································ 29
5.8 注油 ······················································································ 30 6 结 论 ·························································································· 31 参考文献 ···························································································· 32 致谢 ············································································· 33 I
毕业设计（论文）
1 绪 论
1.1 选题的目的和意义
减振器主要是用于减小或削弱振动对设备与人员影响的一个部件。它起到衰减和吸收振动的作用。使得某些设备及人员免受不良振动的影响, 起到保护设备及人员正常工作与安全的作用, 因此它广泛应用于各种机械的频繁起降等, 对减振器的要求愈来愈高。人们不但要求安全可靠, 而且要求旅途舒适, 对此减振器起着举足轻重的作用。
1.2 减振器的发展历史
世界上第一个有记载、比较简单的减振器是1897年由两个姓吉明的人发明的。他们把橡胶块与叶片弹簧的端部相连，当悬架被完全压缩时，橡胶减振块就碰到连接在汽车大梁上的一个螺栓，产生止动。这种减振器在很多现代汽车悬架上仍有使用，但其减振效果很小。
1898年，第一个实用的减振器由一法国人特鲁芬特研制成功并被安装到摩托赛车上。该车的前叉悬置于弹簧上，同时与一个摩擦阻尼件相连，以防止摩托车的振颤。减振器的结构发展主要经历了以下几种发展形式：
加布里埃尔减振器，它是由固定在汽车大梁上的罩壳和装在其里面的涡旋形钢带组成，钢带通过一个弹簧保持其张力，钢带的外端与车桥轴端连接，以限制由振动引起的弹跳量。
平衡弹簧式减振器，这是加到叶片弹簧上的一种辅助螺旋弹簧。由于每一个弹簧都有不同的谐振频率，它们趋向于抵消各自的振颤，但同时也增大了悬架的刚性，所以很快就停止了使用[1]。
空气弹簧减振器，空气弹簧不仅兼有弹簧和吸振的作用，而且常常可省去金属弹簧。第一个空气弹簧减振器是1909年由英国考温汽车工厂研制成功的。它是一个圆柱形的空气筒，利用打气筒可以把空气经外壳上部的气阀注满空气筒，空气筒的下半部分容纳一个由橡胶和帘布制成的膜片。因为它被空气所包围，所以其工作原理与充气轮胎相似，它的主要缺点是常常泄漏空气。
液压减振器，第一个实用的液压减振器是1908年由法国人霍迪立设计的。液压减振器的原理是迫使液流通过小孔产生阻尼作用。通常的筒式减振器是由一个与汽车底盘固定的带有节流小孔的活塞和一个与悬架或车桥固定的圆柱形贮液筒组成。门罗在1933年为赫德森制造的汽车装用了第一个采用原始液压减振器的汽车。到了二十世纪三十年代末，双作用减振器在美国生产的汽车上被普遍采用。到了二十世纪六十年代，欧洲采用的杠杆式液压减振器占了优势，这种减 1
毕业设计（论文）
振器与哈德福特的摩擦式减振原理相似，但使用的是液流而不是摩擦缓冲衬垫。
麦弗逊支柱式减振器，随着前轮驱动汽车的出现，二十世纪七十年代以来，制造商开始采用麦弗逊式减振器。这种减振器是二十世纪六十年代通用公司麦弗逊工程师研制成功的。他把螺旋弹簧、液压减振器和上悬架臂杆组成一个紧凑的部件。其主要优点是体积小，适合前轮驱动汽车，可在与变速器组成一体的驱动桥上应用。另外，有一种电子控制减振器，能根据道路状况、车速和驱动形式自动调节悬架软、中、硬三种刚度。该减振器通过在汽车保险杠下方装有一个带声纳的测量部件监测路面状况，把测得的数据输入处理单元，然后调节减振器中的按键，以改变液流通道的尺寸。
充气式减振器是二十世纪六七十年代以来发展起来的一种新型减振器。充气式减振器的特殊结构和充气参数，可以大大地降低噪音，并有利于保证活塞高速运动时的阻尼特征，同时减振器上的减振支柱实质上属于双筒结构，它除了阻尼减振还有如下附加功能：他和控制臂一起对车轮进行导向[2]。
1.3减振器的分类
根据减振器的结构、材料与用途不同, 减振器可分为以下几种：
(1)橡胶减振器减振器由天然橡胶及聚氯丁之类合成橡胶材料制成。该减振器经济方便, 对振动阻尼作用。近年, 又出现一种金属橡胶减振器, 性能优于传统橡胶减振器。但低温时弹性下降、高温时易变形, 不适于高频下工作, 有“弹性后效”现象等。因此只能用于减振要求不高的场合。
(2)金属弹簧减振器
分为螺旋弹簧与板簧减振器：该减振器能适应于各种环境与温度下使用, 力学性能较稳定, 刚度范围广,高频时, 失去减振作用, 因此, 目前, 液压减振器已经得到了广泛地应用特别是在一些关键装备上, 如飞机的起落架、导弹的发射架、各种汽车、摩托车、轮船等需减振的设备上。液压减振器是以液压油为工作介质并利用油的黏性阻尼作用, 在节流口或阀的前后形成一定的压差, 将振动的动能变成液体的压力能衰减和吸收振动。
(3)电流变液和磁流变液减振器：电、磁流变液都是悬浊液, 在外加电、磁场作用, 下其黏度可连续变化, 由美国人W.Winslow 和J.Rabinow于20 世纪40 年代后期发现, 从20 世纪80 年代末起将其应用于阻尼可调减振器。电、磁流变液减振器具有阻尼连续调节, 响应快等优点, 但是还存在一些问题: 电、磁流变液的粒子沉降、温度稳定性, 电、磁流变液减振器的设计误差补偿、使用寿命、维修等, 其产业化应用还需要进一步的研究。
(4)气体控制阻尼可调减振器：气体控制阻尼可调减振器必须与空气弹簧配合使用。阻尼变化规律是:当空气弹簧中气压升高时, 阻力增大, 反之则减小, 不 2
篇二：汽车减振器的设计
毕 业 论 文（设 计）
题目： 轿车减震器的设计
（英文）：
院 别： 专 业：
姓 名：
学 号：
指导教师：
日 期：
轿车减震器的设计
摘 要
本文设计出适用于中国一般城市道路使用的双作用筒式减振器。首先，根据轿车的质量算出减振器的阻尼系数，确定缸体结构参数，然后建立流体力学模型，先选定一条理想的减振器标准阻尼特性曲线，然后利用逼近理想阻尼特性曲线的方法，进行各阀、系的设计计算；在此基础上，设计出整个减震器，并对主要部件的强度进行了校核。
关键词：双作用筒式减振器；流体力学模型；理想特性曲线；强度校核
轿车减振器的设计
Shock Absorber Design of car
Abstract
The double use of drum shock absorber which applicable to the general city road conditions in China is designed in the paper. First of all, the damping coefficient of the shock absorber is calculated according to the quality of car. The parameters of the cylinder structure are determined. And then a hydrodynamic model is set up. The valve and the Department are calculated and the designed by using the way of approach to the damping characteristics of the ideal standard shock absorber curve. After that a set of the double use of drum shock absorber is designed. The strength of the main parts of the shock absorber is checked.
Key words: Double use of shock absorber; hydrodynamic model; characteristics of the ideal curve; strength checking
1
目录
1. 绪论 ................................................................. 1
1.1本课题设计的目的及意义 ............................................ 1
1.2减振器国内外是发展状况 ............................................ 1
1.3设计的主要研究内容 ................................................ 3
2. 减震器阻尼值计算和机械结构设计 ....................................... 3
2.1相对阻尼系数和阻尼系数的确定 ...................................... 3
2.1.1悬架弹性特性的选择 ........................................... 3
2.1.2相对阻尼系数的选择 ........................................... 4
2.1.3减振器阻尼系数的确定 ......................................... 6
2.2最大卸荷力的确定 .................................................. 6
2.3缸筒的设计计算 .................................................... 7
2.4活塞杆的设计计算 .................................................. 7
2.5导向座宽度和活塞宽度的设计计算 .................................... 8
2.6 小结 .............................................................. 8
3. 减震器其他部件的设计 ................................................. 8
3.1固定连接的结构形式 ................................................ 8
3.2 减震器油封设计 .................................................... 9
3.3 O型橡胶密封圈 ................................................... 10
3.4 锥形弹簧 ......................................................... 10
3.5弹簧片和减振器油的选择 ........................................... 11
3.5.1弹簧片的选择 ................................................ 11
3.5.2减振器油的选择 .............................................. 11
3.6小结 ............................................................. 12
4.减震器阀系设计 ....................................................... 12
4.1减震器各阀系流体力学模型的建立 ................................... 12
4.1.1伸张行程流体力学模型的建立 .................................. 12
4.1.2压缩行程流体力学模型的建立 .................................. 15
4.2 各阀系模型的建立 ................................................. 16
篇三：汽车减振器的设计
毕业论文（设计）
(本文来自：WwW.xiaOCaofAnweN.Com 小草范文 网:汽车减震器毕业设计)题目：
（英文）： 轿车减震器的设计 ShockAbsorberDesignofcar
别：
业：
名：
号： 院 专 姓 学
指导教师：
日 期：
轿车减震器的设计
轿车减震器的设计
摘
摘要要
本文设计出适用于中国一般城市道路使用的双作用筒式减振器。首先，根据轿车的 质量算出减振器的阻尼系数，确定缸体结构参数，然后建立流体力学模型，先选定一条 理想的减振器标准阻尼特性曲线，然后利用逼近理想阻尼特性曲线的方法，进行各阀、 系的设计计算；在此基础上，设计出整个减震器，并对主要部件的强度进行了校核。 关键词关键词关键词关键词：双作用筒式减振器；流体力学模
型；理想特性曲线；强度校核
轿车减振器的设计
ShockShockShockShockAAAAbsorberbsorberbsorberbsorb
Thedoubleuseofdrumshockabsorberwhichapplicabletothegeneralcityroad
conditionsinChinaisdesignedinthepaper.Firstofall,thedampingcoefficientoftheshock absorberiscalculatedaccordingtothequalityofcar.Theparametersofthecylinderstructure aredetermined.Andthenahydrodynamicmodelissetup.ThevalveandtheDepartmentare calculatedandthedesignedbyusingthewayofapproachtothedampingcharacteristicsof
theidealstandardshockabsorbercurve.Afterthatasetofthedoubleuseofdrumshock
absorberisdesigned.Thestrengthofthemainpartsoftheshockabsorberischecked. AbstractAbstract
KeyKeyKeyKeywords:words:words:words:Doubleuseofshockabsorber;hydrodynamicmodel;characteristicsoftheidealcurve;strengthchecking
1
目录
1.1.1.1.绪论绪论绪论绪论...................................................................................................................................................
1.1 本课题设计的目的及意义...........................................................................................1
1.2 减振器国内外是发展状况...........................................................................................1
1.3 设计的主要研究内容...................................................................................................3
2.2.2.2.减震器阻尼值计算和机械结构设计减震器阻尼值计算和机械结构设计减震器阻尼值计算和机械结构设计减震器阻尼值计算和机械结构设
2.1 相对阻尼系数和阻尼系数的确定...............................................................................3
2.1.1 悬架弹性特性的选择........................................................................................3
2.1.2 相对阻尼系数的选择........................................................................................4
2.1.3 减振器阻尼系数的确定....................................................................................6
2.2 最大卸荷力的确定.......................................................................................................6
2.3 缸筒的设计计算...........................................................................................................7
2.4 活塞杆的设计计算.......................................................................................................7
2.5 导向座宽度和活塞宽度的设计计算...........................................................................8
2.6小结..............................................................................................................................8
3.3.3.3.减震器其他部件的设计减震器其他部件的设计减震器其他部件的设计减震器其他部件的设
3.1 固定连接的结构形式...................................................................................................8
3.2减震器油封设计..........................................................................................................9
3.3O 型橡胶密封圈.........................................................................................................10
3.4锥形弹簧....................................................................................................................10
3.5 弹簧片和减振器油的选择.........................................................................................11
3.5.1 弹簧片的选择..................................................................................................11
3.5.2 减振器油的选择..............................................................................................11
3.6 小结.............................................................................................................................12
4.4.4.4.减震器阀系设计减震器阀系设计减震器阀系设计减震器阀系设计...................................................................................................................................................
4.1 减震器各阀系流体力学模型的建立.........................................................................12
4.1.1 伸张行程流体力学模型的建立......................................................................12
4.1.2 压缩行程流体力学模型的建立......................................................................14
4.2各阀系模型的建立....................................................................................................16
轿车减振器的设计
4.2.1 伸张阀模型的建立..........................................................................................16
4.2.2.流通阀模型的建立.........................................................................................17
4.2.3 压缩阀模型的建立..........................................................................................18
4.2.4 补偿阀的力学模型..........................................................................................19
4.3 减震器阻尼阀阀片的挠曲变形模型.........................................................................20 4.4 阀系的设计.................................................................................................................22 4.4.1 阻尼阀的开启程度对减震器特性的影响......................................................22
4.4.2 减震器的理想特性曲线的确定......................................................................22
4.4.3 阀系各结构参数的确定..................................................................................24
4.5 小结.............................................................................................................................29 5555．活塞杆的强度校核．活塞杆的强度校核．活塞杆的强度校核．活塞杆的强度校核...................................................................................................................................................
5.1 强度校核.....................................................................................................................30 5.2 稳定性的校核.............................................................................................................30 6666．全文总结及展望．全文总结及展望．全文总结及展望．全文总结及展望...................................................................................................................................................参考文献参考文献参考文献参考文
献...................................................................................................................................................致谢致谢致谢致
谢...................................................................................................................................................附录附录附录附
录...................................................................................................................................................
3