篇一：初中英语基础知识汇总
初中英语基础知识汇总 中考英语语法-形容词和副词
A． 形容词
1、 形容词的用法
形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。如：
He is honest and hardworking.
I found the book interesting.
某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如： The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.
The English like to be with their families.
多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：
冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态（描述性）+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如：
the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.
2、 形容词比较等级的形式
（1） 规则形式
一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; --est 来构成比较级和最高级；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.如：
great-greater-greatest
busy-busier-busiest
important-more important-(the)most important
（2） 不规则形式
good (well)-better-best
bad (ill)-worse-worst
many (much)-more-most
little-less-least
（3） 形容词比较等级的用法
①表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than. 如：
He is cleverer than the other boys.
This one is more beautiful than that one.
②表示两者以上的比较，用"the +形容词最高级（+名词）+of(in) …"如： He is the cleverest boy in his class.
③表示两者是同等程度，用"as +形容词原级+as". 如：
He is as tall as I.
I have as many books as you.
④ 越… 越…
例如：The more I learn, the happier I am.
⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好
又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly.
你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。
⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.
那一天是最令我担心的一天。
I have never had a better dinner.
这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。
⑦ My English is no better than yours.
我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。
B．副词
1、 副词的种类
（1） 时间副词 如：ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等
（2） 地点副词 如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。
（3） 方式副词 如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。
（4） 程度副词 如：almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。
2、 副词比较等级的用法
其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：
Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.
We must work harder.
3、 某些副词在用法上的区别
（1） already, yet, still
already表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：
We've already watched that film.
I haven't finished my homework yet.
He still works until late every night.
（2） too, as well, also, either
too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和as well多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：
He went there too.
He didn't go there either.
I like you as well.
I also went there.
(3) hard, hardly
hardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如：
I work hard every day.
I can hardly remember that.
(4) late, lately
lately意为"最近、近来"，late意为"晚、迟"。如：
He never comes late.
Have you been to the museum lately?
II． 例题
例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____
A high enough B tall enough
C enough high C enough tall
解析：该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。
例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.
A When I take more medicine
B The more medicine I take
C Taking more of the medicine
D More medicine taken
解析：该题正确答案为B。"the+形容词比较级+… , the +形容词比较级+…"意为越…，越…。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。
例3"I haven't been to London yet".
"I haven't been there ____".
A too B also C either D neither
解析：该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定"两者都不"，而C-either则用于否定句中，意为"也"。
例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.
A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply
解析：该题正确答案为B。A. deep用于副词时，修饰具体的深，如dig deep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词，如该题为deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词，不能互相修饰。
中考英语语法-介词
1、介词和种类
（1） 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
（2） 复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系
（1） 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。
（2） 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at
（3） 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.
3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。如：
He came right after dinner.
He lives directly opposite the school.
4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例
（1） at, on, in（表时间）
表示时间点用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。
指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。
指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。
（2） between, among（表位置）
between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如
I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
The village lies between three hills.
among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：
He is the best among the students.
（3） beside, besides
beside意为"在…旁边"，而besides意为"除…之外"。如：
He sat beside me.
What do you want besides this?
（4）in the tree, on the tree
in the tree 指动物或人在树上，而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上
（5）on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way
on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道
by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法
（6）in the corner, at the corner
in the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外
（7）in the morning, on the morning
in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
（8）by bus, on the bus
by bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车
II． 例题
例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?
A except B but C beside D besides
解析：A、B两项except等于but，意为"除了…"，C-beside意为"在…旁边"，不符合题意。而D-besides,意为"除了…之外，还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？
例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
A on B at C in D during
解析：我们均知道，at night这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。
例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.
A to B in C at D on
解析：该题正确答案为A。look forward to 为固定搭配，意为"期望、盼望"。 中考英语语法-连词
1、 连词的种类
（1） 并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。
（2） 从属连词用来引导从句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。 除了从属连词（引导状语从句）外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词（引导名词性从句），关系代词和关系副词（引导定语从句）。
2、 常用连词举例
篇二：初中英语知识点总结
初中复习资料
【初中英语词组总结】
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2 （比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy小菜一碟（容易）
4 agree with sb赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样
6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers学生同老师们一起种树
8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样
9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth询问某人某事 ask sb not to do叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of在……岁时
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后；尽头；末尾
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信 18 be + doing表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够……
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕……
22 be allowed to do被允许做什么
23 be angry with sb生某人的气
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
25 be as…原级…as和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
26 be ashamed to
27 be away from 远离
28 be away from从……离开
29 be bad for对什么有害
30 be born出生于
31 be busy doing sth忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……
32 be careful当心；小心
33 be different from……和什么不一样
34 be famous for以……著名
35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好
36 be from = come from来自
37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
38 be glad+to+do/从句
39 be going to + v(原） 将来时
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in在某方面善长, 善于……
41 be good for对什么有好处
42 be happy to do很高兴做某事
43 be helpful to sb对某人有好处
44 be in good health 身体健康
45 be in trouble 处于困难中
46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到
48 be like像…… eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
51 be made of由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)
52 be not sure 表不确定
53 be on a visit to参观
54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
55 be quiet安静
56 be short for表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
57 be sick in bed生病在床
58 be sorry to do sthbe sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that
60 be sorry to trouble sb
61 be strict in doingsth严于做某事
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格
64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么
65 be sure 表确定
66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心
67 be sure of sth对做某事有信心
68 be sure that sth对做某事有信心
69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语 70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……
71 be terrified to do sth害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什么一样
73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早 74 be worth doing值得做什么
75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句76 because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headacheHe was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么 78 between…and…两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from)表相同
81 bother打扰 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
82 by the end of 到……为止
83 call sb stheg : We call him old wang
85 catch up with sb赶上某人
86 chat with sb和某人闲谈take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地
87 come in进
88 come over to 过来
89 come up with提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea你能想出一个好办法吗？
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing考虑做什么eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou为什么不考虑去泸州？
92 dance to随着……跳舞
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事
94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查
95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong做错
97 Don't forget to do sth不要忘了做某事
98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意……
99 each +名（单）每一个…eg : Each student has many books每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing
101 enjoy +doing喜欢
102 escape from 从……逃跑
103 expect to do sth期待做某事
104 fall down摔下来 fall off从哪摔下来
105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么
106 far from离某地远
107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样
108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting
109 finish 完成+doing（名词）
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb适合某人
111 forget to do 没有做而忘了forget doing做了而又忘了
112 from…to…从某某到某某 eg: From me for her
113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做…eg: I have my hair cut我理了发(头发被剪了）
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了） 114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job
115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处
(原文来自：wWw.xiaOcAofANweN.coM 小 草 范 文 网:初中英语基础知识及要点解析)117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备
118 get sb in to trouble 给某人带来麻烦
120 get…from… 从某处得到某物
121 give a talk做报告
122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物
123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do去做下一件事 go on doing继续做这件事
125 go out away from远离 go out of 从….离开
126 go to school 上学（用于专业的）go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学）127 good way to好方法
128 hate to do讨厌没做过的事hate doing 讨厌做过的事
129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会
130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈
131 have been doing 现在完成进行时
132 have been to …(地方）……去过某过地方 have gone to …（地方）去了某地还没回来
133 have fun +doing玩得高兴
134 have sth to do有什么事要做
135 have to do sth 必须做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth做什么事情有麻烦
137 have…time +doing
138 have…(时间)…off 放……假 139 hear sb +do/doing听见某人做某事/正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用处
141 help sb with sth \one's sth帮助某人某事（某方面）help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like= what do you think of你对什么的看法
145 if : 是否＝wether
eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会
He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on timetomorrow morning他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达
146 if :如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句
eg:I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州
If they change the plan they will let me know假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国
147 in one's opinion = sb think某人认为
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后
150 in the north of…什么在什么的北方 （north 北sowth 南 west 西 east 东 ）
151 in the sun在太阳下
152 increase增加
eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3% 153 instead of+（名 ） 代替
eg:I'd like an apple instead of a pear我想要苹果，而不要梨子
154 introduce sb to sb介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself自我介绍
155 invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事
156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间
eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homeworkIt takes me half an hour to cook 157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样
158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样
159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 It's+adjofsb 对某人来说太怎么样
160 It's +adj(for sb) to do（对某人来说） 做某事怎么样 It's +adj of sb to do sth对某人来说做某事太怎么样
eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English
161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth对……来说是个好主意
162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: It's important to me
163 It's time to do sthIt's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间
eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 该去上课了
164 join = take part in 参加
165 just now刚才
166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语让什么保持什么样？
167 keep out 不让 …… 进入
168 keep sb adj让……保持……keep healthy保持健康
169 key to +名词 表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案
170 key to…anserto …key 可以是答题或钥匙
171 laugh at… 取笑……
172 learn by oneslfe自学
173 learn from sb向某人学习
174 learn to do sth 学做某事
175 let sb do sth让某人做某事
176 Let sb down让某人失望eg ： We shouldn't let our farents down我们不应该让我们的父母失望
177 live from :离某地远
178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地
179 look after = take care of 照顾 照看
篇三：初中英语总复习知识点归纳(基本全了)
初中英语总复习知识点归纳
冠词 a / an 的用法
a用于辅音音素前 a useful book,a university,a “u”
Once a week have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/ resthave a cold/ headache / fever /cough have a good timehave a tryin a hurry after a while keep a diary go for a walkin a minute in a wordin a short while
an则用于元音音素前 an hour, an honest boy , an “A E F H I L M N O R S X” keep an eye on
定冠词the的用法：
1）特指双方都明白的人或物： Give me the book.
2）上文提到过的人或事： ---Do you know the lady in blue? –Yes, she is a teacher of a university.
3）指世上独一物二的事物the sun ( sky / moon/
earth/ world/ nature/ universe )
4）单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar 美元; The lion is a wild animal.或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich /poor/ blind/ aged / living / impossible
5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very, same等前面：I live on the second floor.
6）用在表示身体部位的名词前： She caught me by the arm.
7）用在表示乐器和表方位的名词之前： She plays the piano \violin \ guitar in the north of China
8）用在普通名词构成专有名词前： the People's Republic of China the United States the Great Wall the Summer Palace
9) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：the Greens are playing the piano.
10) in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening), in the middle (of), in the end, all the timeat the same timeon the whole, by the way, go to the cinema at he age of six at the beginning of the twenty-first centuryon the other side ofat the momentthe day after tomorrowthe day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water，field，country) in the dark, in the rain,
不用定冠词的情况
1) 国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：China , Europe 欧洲 Lei Feng 雷锋
2）物质名词和抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
3）在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词； Children’s DayMother’s DayFather’s Day
4）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词； He is captain of the team.
5）在三餐、四季，球类运动、学科、娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词 如：have breakfast /supper / lunch，play basketball / football / volleyball / chess , in spring/summer/ autumn/ winter
6）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；by bus/ train/ taxi/ bus/ ship
7）Day and night face to face side by side step by stepwatch TV at school / work / home at first/ last in danger in trouble on foot on duty on watch in bed on timein time go to schoolgo to work by taxi / bike at noon at night on TV at town
部分词组有无冠词的区别
in hospital 生病住院 in the hospital 在医院里
in front of 在---的前面in the front of 在----内部的前面
go to school 上学go to the school 到学校去
a number of = a lot of 许多，谓语动词用复数。
The number of ----的数目，----的总数， 谓语动词用单数（第三人称单数）
名词：专有名词和普通名词（个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词）
可数名词的单数变复数①一般情况加s ②以s, x sh ch,等结尾的词加-es
bus-buses watch-watches ③以o 结尾的名词，无生命的加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos 有生命的es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes ④以f或fe 结尾的名词，去f, fe 加ves，如：half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves （加s，如：belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes
gulf---gulfs；）⑤以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y 为i，再加es baby---babies⑥不规则：a. 单复数形式一样。Sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese. People, police, scissors, trousers b. 其他的。foot—feet tooth---teeth child—children mouse---mice man---men woman---women businessman ---businessmen
German---Germans women doctors
集体名词: People, police,(一般表示一个整体，谓用复数) class, family, glasses 不可数名词：
常见的不可数名词有：information, news, room （空间）， work, work, weather, advice, bread , food, milk, tea, ice, glasses, meat
① A little, a bit of, some, much, a lot of, quite a lot of 常修饰不可数名词.
② 不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
③ 如果用and连接两个不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Time and money are-
④ A cup\ glass \bottle \box \ kilo \ group \ crowd \ class \ pair of
Two and a half kilos of = two kilos and a half of
名词所有格 在英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下：
1） 单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加" 's "，如the boy's bag，men's room Children’s Day Mother’s Day Father’s Day
2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加" ' "，如：Teachers’ Day ladies’ room twenty minutes’ walk
3） 凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字; A picture of family; a map of China
4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店。
5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。 John's and Mary's room（两间） John and Mary's room（一间）
6） 复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。 如：a month or two's absence
7）双重所有格 a friend of mine / hers / his / theirsa friend of Mary’s mother’s
代词
１、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
I—me—my—mine—myselfyou —you—your—yourself (yourselves)
he—him—his—his—himself she—her—her—hers—herself
it—it—its—its—itselfwe—us—our—ours—ourselves
they—them—their—theirs—themselves
人称顺序you, he, she, I ; we, you, they
主格作主语；宾格作宾语，动词和介词之后通常作宾格；形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，通常放在名词之前；名词性物主代词＝形容词性物主代词＋名词，“of＋名词性物主代词”表示所属关系。A friend of mine我的一位朋友; teacher of hers 她的老师
代词it 的用法：
①指代前面提到过的事物。 ②表天气。③表距离。
④指婴儿和不明身份的人。 ---John, someone in your class phoned you this morning. ---Oh, who was it?
⑤用作形式主语。
It’s kind / good / nice /clever /polite / foolish of sb. to do sth.
It’s important / necessary / possible / easy / difficult for sb to do sth, It’s time to get up.
It’s time for lunch.
It’s one’s turn to do
It seems that
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
⑥用作形式宾语。Find / think / feel + it +adj +to do sth
It one 的区别
It 特指上文提到的同一对象，同一事物。
one同类而不同一。
that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。
反身代词
构成规则：一、二物主，三为宾。
运用：hurt/ teach/ wash / buy/ enjoy oneself
by / Help oneself (one selves) to --- / Look after oneself / Say to oneself / Come to oneself
２、不定代词 little, a little, few, a few=several(some), some, any much,
little， 几乎没有，表示否定意思，用以修饰不可数名词。
A little ①一点点，表示肯定，用以修饰不可数名词。Only a little 仅一点点.②也可修饰形容词和副词。③一点点，放在动词、动词宾语后。
few几乎没有，表示否定意思，用以修饰可数名词。
a few=several 几个， 一些，表示肯定意思，用以修饰可数名词。
some 一些，修饰可数名词，后跟复数形式名词或ones, 也可修饰不可数名词。在表示请求、委婉语气的疑问句和表示希望得到对方的肯定回答的问句中，常用some. Could you give me some apples?
any 一些，任何一些。 一般用于疑问句中或否定句中和IF 引导的条件句中。 much 许多。修饰不可数名词，放在不可数名词前，可用a lot of 替换。
too much 太多的，用法相当于much ，放在不可数名词前。Heath is very important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit instead of too much rich food.
much too 太，用法相当于too, 放在形容词和副词前。Keep quiet! It’s much too noisy here.
more than 超过，多于。=over
more or less 或多或少，差不多。=about
at least 至少
a lot 许多，修饰动词。Thanks a lot.
a lot of = lots of 许多的，可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
a number of 许多的,= many 只用于修饰复数形式名词，放在可数名词复数前。 every 用于三个或三个以上，着眼于整体。后可跟数词。词组有every ten minuets each 用于两个或两个以上，着眼于个体。词组有each of
either 两个中任何一个
either ----or
both 两个都
both ---- and ---
both of ---
neither 两个中一个也没有e.g. ---Do you like talking with your friends on the telephone or mobile phone? ---Neither, I enjoy using QQ.
neither --- nor ---
any 三个以上中任何一个
all三个以上中全部
none 三个以上中一个也没有。 None of ---中没有一个，表示三个或以上数目的人或物中没有一个，表否定，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
others 表示“泛指”除自己外，别的人。Some ----, others -----
the other 表示两个中的另一个。One ----, the other ----
the others 表示特指的另一些。
another 后跟单数名词。表示泛指另一个人。后跟带数词的复数名词，表示“再，还要”的意思。
other 别的，另外的，一般后跟复数名词或ones , 在other 前可加some, many 或数词，表示“几个，一些别的”
Such a tall building such an exciting football match
so many people
each other相互，彼此，指两个或两个物时 。one another 相互，彼此，指三者或三者以上的彼此。one another’s 相互的，彼此的。
数词
表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
一、基数词和序数词
1）基数词写法和读法： ①百位与十位，用 and, 十位与个位，写时用“—”②先确定分节号，从右至左，每隔三位数是一个分节号。③第一个分节号是千位 thousand 4第二个分节号是千位 million ⑤第三个分号节是十亿位 billion.1, 234 ,567, 892 one billion two hundred and thirty-four million five hundred and sixty-seven thousand eight hundred and ninety-two
2）分数表示法 构成：分子基，分母序，分子大于1时，分母在序数词后加S： 1/2 a half1/3 one-third； 2/3 two thirds 3/4 three quarters = three fourths 2- 3/4 two and three fourths
3）表示"年代"，用 in +the +数词复数； in the 1980s （20世纪80年代）
4）表某人几岁时: in +物主代词+数词的复数形式 in one’s twenties
5）He lives in Rom 88. One plus two is three. Three times five is fifteen.
6）hundred , thousand , million 等词前有具体的数字时，不能加S 如 three hundreds 这种说法是错误的
7）hundreds ofthousands ofmillions of
8）a 21-year-old girlthree days and a half = three and a half days one and a half hours = one hour and a half we’ll have two weeks’ holiday (two-week holiday)
9）（基数词变序数词的口诀）
一、二、 三特别记，th从四以上记;怎么加很容易，八减t，九减e; f来把ve替，见y变ie; 若是遇到几十几，变换个位就可以。
One-first two-second three- third five- fifth eight-eighth nine- ninth twelve – twelfth thirteen- thirteenth fifteen- fifteentheighteen- eighteenth twenty- twentieth
twenty-one---twenty-first thirty-thirtieth forty-fortieth fifty
–fiftieth sixty- sixtieth seventy-
seventieth eighty-eightieth ninety-ninetieth
序数词的缩写形式： first---1st second---2nd thirty-first---31st
形容和副词
①修饰something, anything, everything, anybody等不定代词的形容词，形容词要放在不定代词之后。I have Something important to tell you.
②enough修饰形容词、副词时，enough要放在形容词和副词之后。Far enough