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英语语言学句法学论文

小草范文网  发布于:2017-02-13  分类: 法学论文 手机版

篇一:《英语语言学》考试说明及答案

题型:

I. Multiple Choice 单选(1’×20= 20’)

II. Definition下定义 (3’×5= 15’)

III. True or False 判断正误(2’×10=20’)

IV. Comparison对比 (4’×3=12’)

V. Short answer questions 简答题(5’×3=15’)

VI. Essay Questions小论文 (8’+10’=18’)

1language is a means of verbal communication.

课程内容

第一章

1. 记忆

phonetics语音学:studies speech sounds,including the production of speech.

Phonology音系学:studies the rules governing the structure,distribution分配,and sequencing排序 of speech sounds and the shape of syllables音节.

Morphology形态学: concerned with internal organization of words.

Syntax句法学: is about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentence.

Semantics语义学:examines how meaning is encoded编码 in a language.

Pragmatics语用学:is the study of meaning in context在上下文.

2. 概念辨析

Prescriptive规范的 vs. Descriptive描述的

Synchronic限于一时的 vs. Diachronic历经时间长河的

A Synchronic description takes a fixed instant as its point of observation, Diachronic linguistics is the study of language through the course of its history.

Competence 完美的vs. Performance性能

Competence refers to an ideal speaker on the language. Performance refers to the using of language in daily life.

Langue语言 vs. Parole言语

langue refers to the linguistic competence of the speaker.

Parole refers to the actual phenomena or data of linguistics.

3. 应用

1) 能够判断理论语言学与应用语言学各学科的研究范围

Theoretical linguistics : phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics

Macrolinguistics: psycholinguistics心理语言学,sociolinguistics社会语言学,

anthropological linguisitics人类语言学,computational linguistics计算语言学

2) 能够分析语言现象体现的语言功能。

4. 思考

1)什么是语言的design features?分别解释语言的design features (如creativity, duality, displacement)并举例说明。

Design features:the features that define our human language.

Creativity创造性:we mean language is resourceful because of its duality and its recursiveness递归性. Duality二元性:the property性质 of having two levels of structure,the elements of the spoken language are sounds which do not convey meaning in themselves.

Displacement移位性:means that the human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events,concepts which are not present at the moment of communication.

2) 什么是语言的创造性?语言为什么具有创造性?

Language is not unique to humans,if it is defined merely as a system of communication.words can be used in new ways to mean new things.

3) 什么是语言的任意性?任意性在语言中如何体现?

Arbitrariness,refers to the fact that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationships to their meaning,eg.we cannot explain why a book is called a /buk/

第二章

1. 记忆

phoneme, allophone, schwa

2. 概念辨析

vowels vs. consonants, phone vs. allophone vs. phoneme, manners of articulation vs. places of articulation, phonetics vs. phonology, broad transcription vs. narrow transcription

3. 理解

1) cardinal vowel (diagram)

2) distinctive features

3) suprasemental features

4) syllable structure (nucleus/peak, rhyme, coda)

5) complementary distribution

4. 应用

1) 能够根据发音部位/方式判断所描述的辅音,或直接描述辅音;

2) 细致区分不同的语音单位,如phone, phoneme and allophone;

3) 能够分析简单的语音现象,并总结相应的音系规则。

第三章

1. 记忆

morpheme, morphology, affix, allomorph

2. 运用

1) 能够判断词所属的类别,如变形词/不可变形词,实词/虚词等;

2) 能够判断出现的function words;

3) 能够利用各种造词法造出新词;

4) 能够区分屈折/派生,词根/词干/词缀,判断free/bound等

5) 能够识别不同类型的词缀并举例说明。

3. 思考

屈折与派生的区别

第四章

1. 记忆

immediate constituent

2. 概念辨析

syntagmatic vs. paradigmatic relation, endocentric construction vs. exocentric construction

3. 理解

1)number, gender, case

2)Tense and aspect

4. 应用

能够简单分析句子的句法结构。

5. 思考

1)英语主语的句法体现;

2)英语宾语的句法体现。

第五章

1. 记忆

Synonymy同义(is the technical name for the sameness relation )

Antonymy反义(is the name for oppositeness relation)

Hyponymy上下义关系(is of recent creation,which has not found its way

to some small dictionaries yet.)

auto-hyponymy (refers to a word is the hyponymy of itself.)

2.概念辨析

Denotation外延 vs. Connotation内涵

, sense vs. reference

3. 掌握

1) 把握各种语义关系(synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy)的基本特性,如能否有比较级,是否有cover term等;

2) 准确判断词语之间的关系;

4. 思考

1) 成分分析法的优劣;

2) 类似语义关系(complementary antonymy, gradable antonymy, converse antonymy)的区别。

篇二:语言学论文题目

〖HT4H〗〖JZ〗语言研究文荟

〖HT4”H〗〖JZ〗目〓录〖HT5H〗

〖JZ〗第一部分〓〓理论篇〖HT〗〖HT〗

序〓言[HTH]

一、语言学理论〖HT〗

〓〓1.语言学史

语言学史概览〖JY。〗陈会军

2.语言哲学

学派与学派意识——西方语言哲学研究〖JY。〗钱冠连

关于语言的最早哲学思考——中国先秦的语言学思想和上古希腊的语言学思想之比较〖JY。

〗柳〓伟

系统功能语言学与转换生成语言学的分歧与对话〖JY。〗韩〓娜

浅谈日常语言哲学〖JY。〗闫金萍

论巴赫金的“超语言学”理论〖JY。〗萧净宇

超越语言学:迈出体系研究的门槛——论巴赫金的语言哲学〖JY。〗耿丽萍

德里达的解构理论及其对语言学发展的影响〖JY。〗林庆家

论拉康的“语言主体”理论〖JY。〗张〓翔

3.言语行为理论

言语行为理论五十年发展回顾〖JY。〗吴〓敏 李英波

关联理论视角中的言语行为理论〖JY。〗李占喜

言语模仿与言语暗示的社会心理分析〖JY。〗陈从耘

对比言语行为研究:解决文化休克的有效途径〖JY。〗周岸勤

4.系统功能语言学

系统功能语言学初探〖JY。〗杨蕴文

略谈系统功能语法〖JY。〗李秀霞

系统功能语法在文学作品赏析中的应用—— 对小说《苏菲的世界》写作风格的剖析〖JY。

〗赵〓〖HT6,5〗〖SX(B-3〗艹〖〗凡〖SX)〗[HT]

衔接的语篇功能:〖WTBX〗Down the RabbitHole的个案研究〖WT〗[JY。〗杨汝福 贾〓

莉

演说辞情景语境和交际角色的特点——布什演说辞的语篇分析〖JY。〗陈孝宗

从及物性角度分析《五月的青岛》〖JY。〗张志红

5.批评语言学

批评语言学述评〖JY。〗纪卫宁 步永义

语言与意识形态:批评语言学〖JY。〗李文敬

6.对比语言学与比较语言学

浅谈对比语言学与比较语言学〖JY。〗隋〓虹

英汉词学比较研究〖JY。〗程立航

从对比语言学看人类语言和民族语言〖JY。〗庄建灵

7.认知语言学与认知心理学

关于认知语言学几个术语的辨析〖JY。〗刘宇红

语法研究的认知主义范式及其局限〖JY。〗孙〓蓝

论弱式认知语言观的合理性〖JY。〗许宁云

认知心理学的产生和发展〖JY。〗李香子

8.中介语

中介语研究综述〖JY。〗龚双萍

浅析英语定语从句结构的习得—— 一项中介语实证研究〖JY。〗马云霞 韦勤勤 中介语研究面临的挑战〖JY。〗常新萍

漫谈中介语[JY。]贾〓霓 赵江葵

论中介语的石化〖JY。〗郭齐梅

中介语石化现象的产生及防止〖JY。〗王〓晓 黄〓蔷

关于语言僵化现象的认知解释及其思考〖JY。〗潘晓军

中介语错误僵化的多因素解释〖JY。〗赖〓瑜

9.结构主义语言学

结构主义语言学的兴起〖JY。〗石吉生

结构主义语言学对文化研究的贡献[JY。]陈〓燕

简论结构主义〖JY。〗邹〓辉

10.模糊语言学

试论模糊限制语的语用功能分类〖JY。〗王建国

模糊限制语的语义特征〖JY。〗董〓娜

主动型模糊语言使用〖JY。〗贾中恒

语言模糊性的运用〖JY。〗蓝国兴

论“模糊限制语”这一称法的合理性〖JY。〗周佳颖

模糊语言学:翻译学的又一理论基础——读伍铁平教授的《模糊语言学》〖JY。〗李田心

言语交际中的模糊语〖JY。〗朱〓岩 邱采真

英语学术论文中的模糊限制语〖JY。〗桂生义

语词与话语意义模糊探幽〖JY。〗易来宾 胡东平

Joahna Channell的《模糊语言》评介[JY。]刘〓澎

11.语码转换

网络电子书信“中英‘语码转换’现象”研究〖JY。〗韦〓娟 李宁林

社会用语中的语码转换与外来语现象分析——兼谈社会用语的规范化问题〖JY。〗张玉宏 试论语码转换〖JY。〗岳宏艳

语码转换的语用功能解析〖JY。〗张夙艳

语码转换的社会及语用功能〖JY。〗李〓华

浅析我国流行歌曲中的汉英语码转换现象〖JY。〗苏〓君

中国高校里语码转换的主要原因〖JY。〗何俊平

12.语用学

1)概论

认知语言学的语用意义研究思路[JY。〗王义娜

2)关联理论

关联的认知心理理据〖JY。〗孙〓静 曹〓蕤

关联推理中的语用制约性研究〖JY。〗朱〓铭

传统语境与认知语境的比较〖JY。〗乔〓媛

语境关联与话语连贯存在的合适性〖JY。〗朱德付

是故意违背诺言还是因为误解?〖JY。〗张淑玲

理解·语境·关联〖JY。〗朱瑞青

3)指示语

称呼语的社交指示功能〖JY。〗方〓玲

称谓语的指示作用及会话含义分析〖JY。〗庄彩霞

试论语境对称呼语的制约作用〖JY。〗孔慧芳

称呼转换的语用特点〖JY。〗王爱英

称呼的艺术〖JY。〗林〓慧

浅谈近代汉语中的礼貌称呼语〖JY。〗楼卫国

俄语称呼语的语用分析〖JY。〗文〓凤 李善廷

4)会话含义

Grice会话含义理论与人机对话〖JY。〗伍乐其

Grice的会话准则与Sperber & Wilson的关联论之比较〖JY。〗彭小红

会话含义推理和语用前提推理的比较研究〖JY。〗周元辉

会话含义与儿童语言〖JY。〗彭如青

话语含义推理的或然性与必然性〖JY。〗陈开举

从“合作原则”到“关联理论”看“会话含义”——从格赖斯关于“意义的分类”说引发的

思考〖JY。〗戴光荣

会话目的与语用原则的关系[JY。]蒋小元

语境、语义和语言的运用〖JY。〗朱晓宏

“合作原则”在理解会话含义中的作用[JY。]聂爱民 田少华

交际双方身份、关系及其意图对语体选择的影响〖JY。〗杨龙秀

言语交际中语义空白的填补过程〖JY。〗樊〓莹 陈〓静

话语理解中言语特征的判别〖JY。〗章晓雯

合作原则及会话含义的推导〖JY。〗张〓煜

礼貌原则与礼貌语用失误分析〖JY。〗张〓萍

礼貌原则与语用失误〖JY。〗李〓剑

礼貌原则、面子和礼貌体系:西方三大礼貌理论评析〖JY。〗梁国栋

对他礼貌和对己礼貌——“面子维护观”的两个出发点〖JY。〗易文静 刘道伟

试析东西方人对合作原则和礼貌原则的取舍〖JY。〗徐风华

Leech的PP在汉语中的适用性〖JY。〗徐红娟

会话原则和礼貌原则在汉语相声中的应用〖JY。〗胡齐放

英汉语用原则中的跨文化视角〖JY。〗陈玉娟

试论语用原则对幽默构成的制约〖JY。〗周芳莉

从语用学的角度分析委婉语〖JY。〗黄晓翔

话语分析中的韵律成分〖JY。〗蒋〓华

《飘》语篇话语的语用分析〖JY。〗赵末乔

图式理论、语用预设与广告促销〖JY。〗王〓娜 何〓娟

5)冗余现象

冗余现象的语用功能〖JY。〗林素蓉

话语语言的冗余性与经济性〖JY。〗李红侠

亵词——违反交际原则的交际手段〖JY。〗李永康

13.语言符号

谈语言的任意性与象似性〖JY。〗曾宪华

对语言符号“任意性”的再认识〖JY。〗江久文

关于语言符号任意性的思考〖JY。〗李〓苗

从语言符号的本体角度看词语的超常组合〖JY。〗原〓云 象似性理论初探〖JY。〗徐〓畅

语言符号意义与文化背景内嵌的关联〖JY。〗周〓震

14.语言习得

关于第一语言习得问题〖JY。〗王宗炎

第二语言习得中的场独立/依靠研究及其启发[JY。]戴运财

浅论语言习得中的元认知及其建构模式〖JY。〗马开广 第二语言习得中的程式语类型研究〖JY。〗刘仕明 方〓芒

个体社会化与语言习得之间的相互作用〖JY。〗王轶群 胡学文

习理语言研究在课堂中的应用(综述)〖JY。〗卢〓苇 赵万长 对第二语言学习中母语迁移的再认识〖JY。〗孙红梅 语言迁移研究管窥〖JY。〗王利芬 朱月珍

英语学习者言语行为生成策略研究〖JY。〗周〓霞

语言学习中的信息处理模式初探〖JY。〗吴潜龙

语言规则的教学与二语习得〖JY。〗许〓菊

组块与流利性的接口研究〖JY。〗缪海燕 孙〓蓝

二语习得者习得英文难易结构状况研究〖JY。〗戴小春

二语词汇习得研究述评〖JY。〗阳〓健

关于L2词汇输入与L2词汇发展的思考〖JY。〗孙〓蓝

篇三:英语系语言学考研

注意事项

语言学是考研比较头疼的课程,以下几个复习中需要注意的问题,供你参考:

第一,要注意基本概念和基本理论。基本概念要烂熟于心,做到能见到概念就知道它属于哪个章节,基本内容是什么,对这个概念不同的语言学流派有什么不同的理解,你个人的见解又是什么。基本理论要清楚,要知道在对待同一个问题时不同的理论是如何处理的,它们的哲学基础是什么?它们的理论前提是什么?它们的优势和弊端都是什么?你对这些理论有什么评价?

第二,要注意对于基本理论的应用。比如在音位学章节里,用区别性特征理论的研究结果来描写音位;在形态学里,用派生形态学的理论来解释构词法;在句法学里,用直接成分分析法和树形图来解释歧义句等等。这些经典理论的运用在考试中是经常出现的。第三,要注意语言学和其他学科的联系。虽然在考试中主要考察语言学的核心学科,可是语言学和其它学科的交叉有时也占有一定的比例。所以建议大家多看看相关的章节,掌握一下那个章节的概貌:比如说,社会语言学、二语习得、计算语言学、历史比较语言学等等。

第四,要注意创造性地理解和解释新现象。在考试题目中,总会有些平时复习没有见过的语言材料让你来分析。这时不要紧张,要仔细思考那其中所包含的信息,并检索自己知识系统中的相关理论去解释它。要有创造性的见解。

第五,要多做练习。

英语语言学概论重点难点提示

第一章 概论

语言的定义:语言的基本特征(任意性、二重性、多产性、移位、文化传递和互换性);语言的功能(寒暄、指令、提供信息、询问、表达主观感情、唤起对方的感情和言语行为);语言的起源(神授说,

英语语言学句法学论文

人造说,进化说)等。

语言学定义;研究语言的四大原则(穷尽、一致、简洁、客观);语言学的基本概念(口语与书面语、共时与历时、语言与言学、语言能力与言行运用、语言潜势与语言行为);普通语言学的分支(语音、音位、语法、句法、语义);;语言学的应用(语言学与语言教学、语言与社会、语言与文字、语言与心理学、人类语言学、神经语言学、数理语言学、计算语言学)等。

第三章语音学和音位学

发音器官的英文名称;英语辅音的发音部位和发音方法;语音学的定义;三大分支(发音语音学;听觉语音学;声学语音学);元音及辅音的分类;严式与宽式标音等。

音位理论;最小对立体;自由变异;互补分布;语音的相似性;区别性特征;超语段音位学;音节;重音(词重音、句子重音、音高和语调)等。

第三章 词法学

词法的定义;曲折词与派生词;构词法(合成与派生);词素的定义;词素变体;自由词素;粘着词素(词根,词缀和词干)等。

词的定义;语法词与词汇词;变词与不变词;封闭词与开放词;词的辨认;习语与搭配。

第四章 句法学

句法的定义;句法关系;结构;成分;直接成分分析法;并列结构与从属结构;句子成分;范畴(性,数,格);一致;短语,从句,句子扩展等。

第五章语义学

语义的定义;语义的有关理论;意义种类(传统、功能、语用);里奇的语义分类;词汇意义关系(同义、反义、下义);句子语义关系。

第六章语言变化

语言的发展变化(词汇变化、语音书写文字、语法变化、语义变化);

第七章 语言、思维与文化

语言与文化的定义;萨丕尔-沃夫假说;语言与思维的关系;语言与文化的关系;中西文化的异同。

第八章 语用学

语用学的定义;语义学与语用学的区别;语境与意义;言语行为理论(言内行为、言外行为和言后行为);合作原则。

第九章 语言学和外语教学

语言学与外语教学的关系;各种语言观及其在外语学习和外语教学中的意义 ;大纲设计 ; 语言学习 :1.语法与语言学习 2.输入和语言学习3.中际语与语言学;错误分析 ;测试

第十章 语言习得

母语习得理论(行为主义,天生论);二语习得(对比分析,错误分析,中介语);二语习得中的个体差异(语言学能,认知差异,性格特征,学习策略); 第十一章 现代语言学理论与流派 布拉格学派,伦敦学派, 美国结构主义学派, 转换生成语法

各流派的代表人物,重要文献;各流派的理论基础、特点、主要观点、重要概念。 模拟题

TEST 1

I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully, decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (1% X15=15%)

1. Modern linguistics differs from traditional grammar for it is mostly _________.

A. prescriptiveB. descriptive C. subjective D. diachronic

2. Which of the following is not a major branch of linguistics?

A. phonetics B. phonology C. speech D. syntax

3. ____________ phonetics studies speech organs and how speech sounds are made (articulated) by the vocal organs.

A. Acoustic B. Articulatory C. Arithmetic D. Auditory 4. ___________ studies the internal structure of words and the rules that govern their formation.

A. Phonology B. Semantics C. Syntax D. Morphology 5. English consonants can be classified in terms of _____________.

A. manner of articulation B. place of articulation

C. force of articulationD. Both A and B

6. N. Chomsky is a famous _____________ linguist.

A. American B. British C. Greek D. Swiss

7. The words ?petrol? and ?gasoline? are synonyms differing in __________.

A. styles B. dialects C. registerD. connotative meaning

8. Which of the following two-term sets are gradable antonyms?

A. hot/coldB. doctor/patient C. single/marriedD. husband /wife

9. Which of the following set of features is correct to describe the sound [f] in English?

A.voiced palatal affricative B.voiced alveolar stop

C.voiceless velar fricative D.voiceless labiodental fricative 10. What is the sentential relationship between ?John’s bike needs repairing.? and ?John has a bike.??

A. Entailment B. Presupposition C. Contradiction D. Anomaly 11. ______________ is the sentence structure that groups words into structural constituents and

shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent such as NP and VP.

A. S-structure B. D-structure C. Linear structure D. Hierarchical structure 12. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the

speaker. This feature is called _______.

A. duality B. displacement C. creativity D. reliability 13. The affixes which manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as

?-ing, -est? are called __________.

A. derivational affixes B. free morphemes C. inflectional affixes D. roots

14. Which of the following underlined letter is different from others in pronunciation?

1. Language is a system of a___________ vocal symbols used for human communication.

2. The principal suprasegmental features include syllable, stress, tone and i_________. 3. An e__________ construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to one of

its constituents, which serves as the centre of the whole. 4. C___________ vowels are a set of vowel qualities arbitrarily defined, fixed and unchanging,

intended to provide a frame of reference for the description of the actual vowels of existing languages..

5. The pair of words ?female and male? belongs to the c____________ antonyms.

6. The word that is more general in meaning is called the s___________, and the more specific

words are called its hyponyms.

7. English speech sounds can be classified into vowels and c__________.

8. A p__________ is what is expressed by a declarative sentence when the sentence is uttered

to make a statement with truth value as its important property.

9. The study of language development at some point in time is generally termed as s___________ linguistics.

10.G__________ is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the form of

others in terms of certain category, while concord is known as agreement.

III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (1% X20 = 20%)

1.Langue is relatively stable and systematic while parole is subject to personal and situational constraints.

2.Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing.

3.Transformational rules do not change the basic meanings of sentences.

4. The word ?flower? is the superordinate of the hyponyms ?rose?, ?tulip? and ?lily?.

5. Chomsky defines competence as the actual realization of the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.

6. Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sentence patterns of a language.7. All vowels and nasals are voiced.

8. Halliday has tried to relate the functions of languages to its structures.

9. Sense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning. They are

two related but different aspects of meaning.

10. A study of the features of the Chinese used in the Tang Dynasty is a diachronic study.

11. [p] is a voiceless bilabial stop.

12. Since English has so many loan words, complete synonyms are commonly seen.

13. Inflectional affixes are those whose major function is to attach themselves to other

morphemes to form a new word.

14. Linguistics studies any particular language, not languages in general.

15. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.

16. For any natural language, a set of syntactic rules is not capable of yielding an unlimited

number of sentences in that language.

17. A syllable without a coda is a closed syllable.

18.

The phrase ?green house? with the first element stressed means ?a house which is green in

colour.?

19. Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze sentence

meaning.

20. The transcription of speech sound with diacritics is called narrow transcription.

IV. Directions: Match the linguists in Column A with their relevant theories or linguistic contribution in Column B (1% X 10=10%)

V. Directions: Analyze the sentences (5% X 2=10%) 1. Analyze the following ambiguous phrase with immediate component analysis (labeled tree diagram)

more reliable information 2. Use the appropriate phrase structure rules to draw a labeled tree diagram

The student saw an accident on the street.

VI.Directions: Explain the following terms. (2%X5=10%)

1. duality 2. vowel 3. hyponymy 4. stop (爆破音) 5. acronym

VII.Directions: Answer the following questions as comprehensively as 1.Illustrate the main functions of language?

2. How is phonology related to and different from phonetics?

3.Illustrate Chomsky’s distinction of competence and performance.

4.What are the ways of classifying words in English?

5.What is the referential theory?

Additional Part

Directions:After you have finished answering the above questions, comment on the following paragraph if you’d like. Your achievement on this part will be used as reference for your final score. If time is up when you come to this part, it will not influence the evaluation on your performance in this test.

A professor writes a recommendation letter as follows:

?John Wang regularly and punctually attended all my classes. All his assignments were handed in on time and very neatly presented. I greatly enjoyed having John Wang in my class.?

ASK: What is his implied meaning?

A卷答案及评分标准:

卷面成绩总分为100分,占总成绩的70%。

I.

第一为选择题,共15小题,每题1分,共15分。

1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. D6. A 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B

11. B 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. B

II.

第二题为填空题,单词拼写正确方可得分。10个小题,每题1分,共10分。

1.arbitrary2. intonation 3. endocentric 4. cardinal 5. complementary

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