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宾语从句什么意思

小草范文网  发布于:2017-04-03  分类: 意思 手机版

篇一:初二下册宾语从句经典教案

一对一个性化辅导教案

初二下学期英语宾语从句讲义

知识点:宾语从句的用法,连接词,时态,语序及否定前移问题

重难点:宾语从句的连接词,时态,语序及否定前移。

宾语从句:

概念:中作宾语的从句就叫作宾语从句,放在及物动词,介词后面。

Eg:我知道你昨天去看电影了。__________________________________

一:宾语从句的用法

(1) 用作及物动词的宾语

Eg :① He told us(that)he felt ill.他告诉我们他病了。

② I know (that)he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。

(2) 用作形容词或过去分词的宾语

某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied, disappointed等,连 词that可以省略。

Eg :I’m afraid (that)you don’t understand what I said.恐怕你没有理解我的意思。 I surprised (that)you didn’t hear about it before.真奇怪你之前没有听过这件事。

(3)做介词的宾语

①宾语从句也可做介词的宾语

Eg :I am curious at what he will say.我对他将要说的东西很好奇。

②有时介词可以省略。

Eg :I don’t care (for)who marries him.我不关心谁嫁给了他。

巩固练习

1. 他不能告诉我他家在哪里?__________________________________________

2. 他总是很关注老师说的任何话。________________________________________

3. 我恐怕你没有理解我的意思。_________________________________________

二:宾语从句的三大要素。

1. 连接词。

宾语从句的引导词有:(1)关系代词:what, who, whose, whom, which(2)关系副词:where, why, how, when(3)If/whether丛属连词。(4)that从属连词

2. 陈述句语序。

3. 时态呼应(详细见后面)

三:宾语从句的连接词

宾语从句根据其表达意义的肯定与疑问的差别可以分为三类,一类由that引导,一类由 whether/If引导,还有一类由疑问词引导。

(1) that 引导的宾语从句

当谓语动词表示肯定的概念时,如“希望”“相信”“知道”“说”,其后面的句子一

般用that引导。多数情况下that可以省略。

如:Betty thinks (that)trees improve the air.贝蒂认为树可以改善空气。

翻译下面的句子:①我希望今年冬天能下雪。___________________________________ ②我相信我们能成为好朋友。______________________________________________

※ :注意:并非所有的动词后面都可接that引导的从句。接that引导的从句的谓 语动词不可含有疑问的意义,常见的多是表示观点,看法,意念,要求等方面概念

的词,如:believe, feel ,hear, hope, expect, explain, prefer, promise

report, say, sell, think, understand, wish , warm等。

(2) 由whether/if 引导的宾语从句

当要表达一个不确定的概念,比如“记不清”“不知道”“想知道”“问”等等,就

要用whether/if.从句就要用whether/if连接,不能用that.

如:He doesn’t know whether/if they will plant trees on Sunday or not. 他不知道他星期天是否会去植树。

翻译:1.我记不清以前是否见过他。_________________________________________

2.他问周六我们是否会去钓鱼。________________________________________

3.汤姆想知道明天他是否有必要早来。___________________________________ ※ :一般情况下 whether/if 都可以用,如果从句后面还有or not的话,一定要

用whether,构成whether ?or not结构。

1. I wonder ______________________________________.

(他是否跟我们一起去公园)

2. I don’t know ___________________________.

(是否要下雨)

3. I wonder _____ it doesn’t rain.( whether / if )

(3) 疑问词引导的宾语从句

有的句子不能用that ,whether/if连接 ,而要用when, where ,how, why ,what , 等疑问词连接。问什么叫要用什么疑问词来连接。

※ :注意:在疑问词引导的宾语从句中,一定要用陈述句语序。

如: He asks how we can help protect the environment.

他问我们怎样才能为保护环境出点力

连接代词:who, whose, whom what, which, whoever, whatever 在句中有词

义,并且充当从句中的主语、宾语、表语、定语。

Eg: 1. I wonder what’s he writing to me.(宾语)

我想知道他正在写什么给我。

2. He can’t decide which sweater he should buy.(定语)

他不确定该买哪件毛衣。

连接副词where,when ,why, how在句中有词义,并且充当从句

中的状语。

Eg: I will tell you why I ask you to come.(原因状语)

我会告诉你我为什么要你来。

Could you tell me where Tom has gone?(地点状语)

你能告诉我汤姆去哪了吗?

巩固练习: 1. Could you tell mewe get to theplace?

A.howB.whether C.where D.what

2. The teacher says she will leave a message on the headmaster’s desk.

A.if B.whoC.that D.what

3. I am not sure ____ he will come tomorrow.

A.that B.if C. whatD.who

4. ---Do you remember ___ he came?

---Yes, I do. He came by ca r.

A. how B. when C. thatD. if

四:宾语从句的时态

宾语从句谓语动词的时态常受主句谓语动词时态制约.因此,在运用时要注意主从句的时态 要呼应.

(1)若主句是现在的某种状态(一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时,)那么宾语从句的

时态

可根据实际情况而定。

如:I remember he gave me a book yesterday.

He has told me that he will leave for New York tomorrow.

(2)若主句是过去的某种时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,)那么从句一定要用过去的某种时态 (一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)

如:He told me that he would take part in the high jump.

He asked me if I had taken his soap

若宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时,即使主句是过去式,从句也用一般现在时。 如:He told me that the earth goes round the sun.(真理)

He said that YaoMing is much taller than him.(事实)

若宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时,即使主句是过去式,从句也用一般现在是。 如:He told me that the earth goes round the sun.(真理)

He said that YaoMing is much taller than him.(事实)

Exercise:

1. Do you know how much hot water ?

A.Mum is needed B. doesMum need

C.Mum needs D. did Mum need

2. Can you tell me ?

A. where he isB. where is he

C.he is where D. what is he

3. I want to know how long.

A.has he been back B.has he come back

C.he has been back D.he has come back 4. I thought he ____to see his mother if he _____time.

A. willgo?has B.will go ?will have

C. would go ?would have D.would go ?had

5.Do you know________?

A. what the news are B. what is the news

C. what the news is D. what are the news

五:宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序要用陈述句的语序,即:连接词+主语+谓语或连接词(充当主语)

+谓语

如:1. Do you know what Kate`s e-mail address is?

2. He asked me whose book this is.

3. The doctor asked me what was wrong.

六:宾语从句的否定前移问题

当主句主语为第一人称,谓语动词为think, believe, suppose, expect等时,其 宾语从句表否定意思应使用“否定前移”结构,即:将主句谓语动词变为否定式

如:1.我想他不在意,是吗?_I don’t suppose he cares, does he ?_____(答案)

2.我认为他不会跟你来。I don’t think he will come with you.

3.我不认为你是对的。I don’ t believe you are right.

※若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移

如:I hope it doesn’t rain.

我希望不要下雨。

I hope you don’t mind my saying it.

我希望你别介意我说这些话.

It’s not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。

※(anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。按英语习惯,anyone只能出现在 否定词之后,不能出现在否定词之前)

如:1.Don’t tell anyone, will you?

你可不要告诉任何人哟。

2. I don’t know anyone at this party.

这晚会上我一个人也不认识。

3. I don’t want to waste anyone’s time.

我不想浪费任何人的时间

本单元的重点单词和短语

hold拿,举,持,拥有hold the line等一下 right now 现在 whether是否 whether ...or not是否 personal个人的 in fact事实上 public公众的,公共的。 in public 在公共场所 a couple 几个,两个 close 亲近的,近的,关

foreigner外国人 feel like 觉得 by the way 顺便说 junior high school 初中

far away 遥远的 lonely孤独的 be afraid to do 害怕做??make friends (with) 和??交朋友 worry about 担心 at the moment 在那时 touch 触摸,碰

Bright明亮的 day by day 一天天地 at first 开始 believe认为,相信 宾语从句专项训练

一.用括号内动词适当的形式填空。

1.I didn’t know what time he _______ the letter. (write)

2. Miss Wang told me that the earth ______(move) round the sun

3. Could you tell me who _________ away the book

4. Ling Feng told me he _________ to several times. (be)

5. Our teacher told us in class the sun _______ in th east. (rise)

6. Can you tell me what they ______ yesterday? (do)

二.将下列简单句合成复合句。

1.He has already come back.(He told me?)

2.He will come back in a week. (I think?)

3.Why is the plane late?(I didn’t know?)

4.Whose watch is this ?(Does anybody know?)

5.Why didn’t he come yesterday? (Can you tell me?)

三:翻译句子

篇二:宾语从句讲解

宾语从句讲解

1.语序是指特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句要用陈述句语序

1Tom asked what had happened .

2.The doctor ask what’s wrong with you ! // what’s the matter //trouble with you .

3.Which do you think is the most important invention ? ( 插入语 )

4.Where do you think the meeting will be held ?

2.时态是指宾语从句的主句时态分为两种时态

含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容:

1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。如:

I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。

He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。

2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如:

The children didn't know who he was.孩子们不知道他是谁。

He asked his father how it happened.他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。

3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。如:

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。:

The teacher said the sun rises from the east and sets in the west .

The teacher said the light runs faster than the sound .

The teacher said Japan is in the east of Asia .

3要素是指:时态,语序,引导词

4.类型是指:A:由that 引导的宾语从句。B:由疑问词引导的宾语从句。

C: 由if \ whether引导的宾语从句。D:由情感形容词引导的宾语从句。

(其中介词引导的宾语从句包含其中)

1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:

He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。

2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:

I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

但在下列情况下只能用whether:

①在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:

Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whether or not he will come)让我知道他是否能来。

I don't know whether /if he does any (本文来自:WWW.xiaocaoFanwEn.cOM 小草范文网:宾语从句什么意思)washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。

I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.我不知道我们是去还是留。

②在介词之后用whether。如:

I'm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。

We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。

③在不定式前用whether。如:

He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。

I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。

He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。

④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。如:

Whether this is true or not,I can't say.这是否真的我说不上来。

⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如:

Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。

The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。

⑥若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。如:

b.If you like the book,please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我。

3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如:

Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?你能告诉我今天早上你为什么迟到吗?

另外四注意

A:宾语从句描述客观事实或客观真理时,从句时态为一般现在时。

B.两面性:引导词if \ when 具有两面性

If 既可以引导条件状语从句,也可以引导宾语从句。

When 既可以引导时间状语从句,也可以引导宾语从句。

C.否定前移

由动词suppose, guess,believe, think , 和形容词sure 引导的宾语从句中出现否定时,否定形式要进行前移,形式上时否定了主句,实际上是否定了宾语从句。

注意反意疑问句的变化规则:

附加问句的主语与陈述句的主语一致( 陈述句变成一般疑问句时,主语则要相应的发生变化! )

I don’t think the answer is right , _____________________?

He doesn't think the answer is right , __________________?

You don’t think the answer is right , ______________________?

I think the answer is right . __________?

D.if和when既可以引导宾语从句,也可以引导状语从句,应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时,分别意为“是否”和“何时”,其时态应和主句时态相呼应;它们引导状语从句时,意思分别为“如果,假如”和“当??时候”,当主句时态是一般将来时时,其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如:

—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什么时候回来吗?

—Sorry,I don't know.When he comes back,I'll tell you.对不起,不知道。当他回来了,我将告诉你。

—I don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否会来。

—He will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨,他会来的

语法延伸

宾语从句与不定式看似独立,实际上,带疑问句的动词不定式还可以与宾语从句相互转换.

1.当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,且主句的谓语动词是decide, hope, wish.等时,可以将宾语从句中的主语去掉,将谓语动词该为”to +动词原形”(有助动词的,一并去掉),变为”疑问词+不定式”结构.例如:

They can’t decide when they should leave the school.

----they can’t decide when to leave the school

2.当主句谓语动词是ask, show,tell, teach, 宾语的主语的间接宾语一致,而且引导该从句的词是which, what, how, where 等时,宾语从句可与”疑问词+不定式”结构相互转换.

Please tell me what I should do first.----Please tell me what to do first.

[考点精析]

从历年中考题看,宾语从句的主要考查以引导词,语序,主从句的时态呼应为主。现结合中考题,分析归纳如下:

一. 考查“引导词”

当宾语从句是陈述句时,用连词that 引导,that无词义,常可以省略,例如:

1.Miss Liu said ____ she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk.

A.that B.whereC.which

D.what(2001盐城)

当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,用连词if 或whether引导,例如:

2.I don’t know ___________he still lives there.

A.where B. what C. when

D.whether (2002辽宁省)

3.In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. (2002北京东城区)

A.that B.howC.what D.if

KEY:1.A 2.D 3. D.

规律提示:当if和whether(表示“是否”)引导宾语从句时,应注意以下几种情况:

a.介词之后的宾语从句,只能用whether连接,而不用if。

b.宾语从句中的whether与or not直接连用时,就不能换成if。

c.动词不定式之前,只能用whether。

4. Can you tell me _________she is waiting for?

A.why B. whoseC. whomD. which (2002天津市)

5.—Be careful! Don't break the bottles. Do you hear ____ I said, Jim?

—Yes, mum. (2002陕西)

A.whatB.that C.why D.if

6 —I don't know ____ Mr Green will come to see us.

—He will help us with our English.(2002杭州)

A.whyB.whenC.how D.where

7.-Do you know ____Miss Gao will leave?

—Tomorrow morning.(2000济南)

A.when B.what C.who D.where

KEY:4.C 5.A 6.A 7.A

技巧点拨:解以上这类题目时,可采用逆推法,即根据答语来选择疑问词。如第7道题,根据答语Tomorrow morning可知对其提问应用when。

二.考查”语序”

通常情况下宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序,即:主语+谓语.但有时连接代词可在宾语从句中做主语,定语或表语;连接副词可作状语等,于是就出现了以下几种情况:

一.连接代词做主语:”连接代词+谓语+其他”,常见的连接代词有:who, what , which 等,例如:

.8. I don’t feel very well. Mum asked me ________ this morning.

A.what the matter B. what is wrong C. what was the matter D. what wrong was

(2002重庆市)

9.Could you tell me ____? (2001西宁)

A.where is the post office B.who knows the answer

C.what are they doing D.when does the shop open

篇三:什么是宾语从句

什么是宾语从句

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

一、动词的宾语从句

1. 大多数动词都可以带宾语从句

We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.

我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.

He told us that they would help us through the whole work.

他告诉我们在整个工作中,他们都会帮忙的.

2. 部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句

I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.

我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.

Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?

你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?

3. 动词短语也可以带宾语从句,常见的这些词有: make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记

Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.

在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.

二、介词的宾语从句

1. 用wh-类的介词宾语从句

We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.

我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.

The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space. 这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.

2. 用that, if引导的介词宾语从句

有时候except, but, besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句

I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company. 对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.

三、形容词的宾语从句

常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised

I am sure I will pass the exam.

我确信我会通过考试

I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.

很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.

He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.

他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.

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